1995
DOI: 10.1136/sti.71.2.109
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Arsphenamine jaundice and the recognition of instrument-borne virus infection.

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Cited by 12 publications
(14 citation statements)
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“…These include the administration of yellow fever vaccines containing human serum (Findlay & MacCallum, 1937 ;Sawyer et al, 1944), measles convalescent or immune serum, or vaccinia virus prepared from glycerinated human lymph. Hepatitis was also observed between 1910 and 1940 as a consequence of the use of unsterilized needles and syringes after injection with arsphenamine in the treatment of syphilis, or other injections (Mortimer, 1995). The high frequency of infection in Egypt (predominantly with type 4a), may be another example of cross-infection during mass treatment with anti-schistosomal agents (Darwish et al, 1993).…”
Section: Geographical and Historical Evidencementioning
confidence: 99%
“…These include the administration of yellow fever vaccines containing human serum (Findlay & MacCallum, 1937 ;Sawyer et al, 1944), measles convalescent or immune serum, or vaccinia virus prepared from glycerinated human lymph. Hepatitis was also observed between 1910 and 1940 as a consequence of the use of unsterilized needles and syringes after injection with arsphenamine in the treatment of syphilis, or other injections (Mortimer, 1995). The high frequency of infection in Egypt (predominantly with type 4a), may be another example of cross-infection during mass treatment with anti-schistosomal agents (Darwish et al, 1993).…”
Section: Geographical and Historical Evidencementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Receiving an injection in the course of medical care is an innocuous occurrence for patients in industrialized areas of the world owing to near‐universal employment of sterile equipment and practices. Breaches in sterile technique are so rare they are considered reportable (CDC 1993; Mortimer 1995). The situation in the developing world, however, is different: re‐use of contaminated needles and/or syringes between patients is commonplace (Piot & Carael 1988; Reeler 1990; Clayton et al .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The World Wars played a crucial role in the global spread of HBV‐D from India to the rest of the world, but the further spread of the infection was probably sustained by the unsafe use of injections in medical practice …”
Section: Phylogenesis and Phylodynamic Of Hepatitis B Virusmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…76,82 The phylogeographical reconstruction of the HBV genotype D history 83 indicates that it originated in India being the subgenotype 83 The World Wars played a crucial role in the global spread of HBV-D from India to the rest of the world, but the further spread of the infection was probably sustained by the unsafe use of injections in medical practice. 84…”
Section: Phylogenesis Of Genotype Dmentioning
confidence: 99%