Using the “One Belt, One Road” initiative, the study constructs a model of decorative arts to promote international cultural exchanges, and analyzes its role in promoting the principles of harmony, tolerance and mutual benefit. Using principal component analysis and PLS-SEM model, the study focuses on the specific impact of decorative arts in four aspects: international cultural exchange concept, resource conditions, organizational structure and international cultural education. The study results show that decorative arts significantly promote the idea of international cultural exchange, optimize resource conditions, build an effective organizational structure and advance international cultural education. Specific data show that the impact coefficient of decorative arts in promoting the concept of international cultural exchange on global art education and identity shaping is 0.726, the impact coefficient of resource guarantee is 0.714, the impact coefficient of social organization is 0.788, and the indirect impact coefficient of international cultural education is 0.685.This indicates that decorative arts have an essential position in international cultural exchange and have a global art education and identity shaping has a significant favorable influence. The study highlights the critical role of decorative arts in the era of globalization, provides new perspectives for a deeper understanding of their role in international cultural exchange, and offers essential references for developing strategies to promote global arts education and identity shaping.