Artefacts in the sampling of nitrate studied in the “INTERCOMP” campaigns of EUROTRAC-AEROSOL

Schaap, Martijn; Spindler, Gerald; Schulz, Mıchael; Acker, K.; Maenhaut, Willy; Berner, A.; Wieprecht, W.; Streit, N.; Müller, Konrad; Brüggemann, E.; Chi, Xuguang; Putaud, J.-P.; Hitzenberger, R.; Puxbaum, Hans; Baltensperger, Urs; Brink, H.M. ten

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.08.026

Cited by 142 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Differences between semi-continuous techniques and filter-based methods had been found to be smaller than 30% at Northern Hemisphere extratropical sites (e.g., Drewnick et al 2003;Lee et al 2003;Schaap et al 2004;Slanina et al 2001;Weber et al 2003). This study will show that these findings may not always hold under tropical conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…An intercomparison of the WAD/SJAC system with different filter-based methods in eastern Germany showed maximal differences of 18% for aerosol SO 2− 4 and NO − 3 (Schaap et al 2004). During other studies, online-instruments recovered about 85% of the aerosol SO 2− 4 mass collected by the filter techniques (Drewnick et al 2003).…”

Section: Potential Inlet Problems and Sjac Sampling Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The differences do not show a consistent day/night variation and no dependence on gas-phase precursors HNO 3 and HCl is observed. Underestimation of the aerosol NO -3 concentration is well known for Teflon filters (Appel et al 1979;Fehsenfeld et al 1990;Neil 2006;Schaap et al 2004) and may also apply to Nuclepore R polycarbonate filters at the FNS site. Moreover, each sampler had different filter face velocities, which could impact the collection of semi-volatile material, e.g., a higher face velocity could potentially lead to larger evaporative losses.…”

Section: Aerosol Nhmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aerosol NO -3 and Cl -are regarded as volatile aerosol compounds. Most studies report increasing evaporation (negative artifact) of volatile species from quartz-fiber filters with increasing temperature (Fehsenfeld et al 1990;Keck and Wittmaack 2005;Schaap et al 2004). The high equilibrium pressure of the salts at elevated temperatures give rise to high rates of volatilization in flowing air (Wittmaack and Keck 2004).…”

Section: Aerosol Nhmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aerosol Inorganic Composition at a Tropical Site: Discrepancies Between Filter-Based Sampling and a Semi-Continuous Method

Trebs

Andreae

Elbert

et al. 2008

Aerosol Science and Technology

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The concentrations of the water-soluble inorganic aerosol species, ammonium (NH ; when filter-based samplers measured on average 40-90% less than the WAD/SJAC. The differences were not due to consistent systematic biases of the analytical techniques, but were apparently a result of prevailing environmental conditions and different sampling procedures. For the transition period and wet season, the significance of our results is reduced by a low number of data points. We argue that the observed differences are mainly attributable to (a) positive and negative filter sampling artifacts, (b) presence of organic compounds and organosulfates on filter substrates, and (c) a SJAC sampling efficiency of less than 100%.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Potential Inlet Problems and Sjac Sampling Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Aerosol Nhmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Aerosol Nhmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Aerosol Inorganic Composition at a Tropical Site: Discrepancies Between Filter-Based Sampling and a Semi-Continuous Method

Trebs

Andreae

Elbert

et al. 2008

Aerosol Science and Technology

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“…In Europe, as the European Union introduced the standards for PM in the late 1990's, the INTERCOMP campaign has continued as a part of the second phase of the European Experiment on Transport and Transformation of Environmentally Relevant Trace Constituents in the Troposphere over Europe (EUROTRAC-2) to compare the results of filter sampling from different regions Schaap et al, 2004). A number of studies have also been carried out in East Asia, including studies by Tsai and Perng (1998) and Pathak and Chan (2005) investigating particle-particle and gas-particle interactions to assess the artifacts during the filter sampling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Volatilization of Filter-Sampled PM2.5 Semi-Volatile Inorganic Ions Using a Backup Filter and Denuders

Kim

Choi

Ghim

2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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The characteristics of the volatilization of semi-volatile inorganic ions sampled on a Teflon filter were investigated using a backup nylon filter and annular denuders. The volatilization ratio (VR) was defined as the fraction of the concentration at the backup filter and denuder to the sum of the concentrations collected at the Teflon filter, backup filter, and denuder. Particles whose aerodynamic diameters are less than or equal to 2.5 µm (PM 2.5 ) were sampled for 24 h each season from summer 2011 to spring 2012 at a site, about 35 km southeast of downtown Seoul. Increase in VR with increasing temperature was evident, but the effects of relative humidity were not clear, because seasonal variation in the two variables was correlated, and the variation in relative humidity was smaller than that in temperature. While VRs generally decreased with the amounts sampled on the Teflon filter, details of the volatilization behaviors varied among ions according to concentrations at the Teflon filter and VR. The removal of gaseous species at the upstream denuders affected VRs of semi-volatile ions by shifting the equilibrium among NH 4 + , NO 3 -, and SO 4 2-.

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Insights into factors affecting nitrate in PM_2.5 in a polluted high NO_x environment through hourly observations and size distribution measurements

et al. 2014

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Nitrate, a major PM 2.5 component in polluted environments, could be greatly elevated during pollution episodes. In this study, nitrate and other inorganic ions on PM 2.5 were measured half hourly at a residential location in Hong Kong in December 2009. Hourly nitrate concentrations in PM 2.5 varied from 0.8 to 40.5 μg m À3 . In an episode during which hourly visibility was down to 3.7 ± 1.0 km and NO 2 was 80.7 ± 14.4 ppb, PM 2.5 NO 3 À reached 27.8 ± 8.0 μg m À3 ,~6 times the level during the normal hours. Nitrate was fully balanced by NH 4 + , indicating abundant presence of NH 3 . Size-segregated measurements showed 84% of nitrate was in the fine mode during the episode and also suggested that less acidic fine particles and less abundant sea-salt particles were the contributing factors to the dominant presence in the fine mode. An observation-based model for secondary inorganic aerosols was applied to investigate the relative importance of homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions to production of NO 3 À potential (sum of HNO 3 (g) and aerosol nitrate). The modeling analysis shows that both formation pathways were significantly more active during the episode. Gas phase production of HNO 3 through reaction of NO 2 + OH dominated during the initial rapid buildup of nitrate around noon time, but the heterogeneous N 2 O 5 hydrolysis pathway made a sizable contribution in the subsequent few hours due to sustained high-NO 2 concentrations combined with reduced photolysis loss of N 2 O 5 . This case study illustrates the important role of NH 3 and NO 2 in elevating PM 2.5 in a high-NO x environment through the formation of nitrate.

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Artefacts in the sampling of nitrate studied in the “INTERCOMP” campaigns of EUROTRAC-AEROSOL

Cited by 142 publications

References 24 publications

Aerosol Inorganic Composition at a Tropical Site: Discrepancies Between Filter-Based Sampling and a Semi-Continuous Method

Aerosol Inorganic Composition at a Tropical Site: Discrepancies Between Filter-Based Sampling and a Semi-Continuous Method

Characterization of Volatilization of Filter-Sampled PM2.5 Semi-Volatile Inorganic Ions Using a Backup Filter and Denuders

Insights into factors affecting nitrate in PM_2.5 in a polluted high NO_x environment through hourly observations and size distribution measurements

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Artefacts in the sampling of nitrate studied in the “INTERCOMP” campaigns of EUROTRAC-AEROSOL

Cited by 142 publications

References 24 publications

Aerosol Inorganic Composition at a Tropical Site: Discrepancies Between Filter-Based Sampling and a Semi-Continuous Method

Aerosol Inorganic Composition at a Tropical Site: Discrepancies Between Filter-Based Sampling and a Semi-Continuous Method

Characterization of Volatilization of Filter-Sampled PM2.5 Semi-Volatile Inorganic Ions Using a Backup Filter and Denuders

Insights into factors affecting nitrate in PM2.5 in a polluted high NOx environment through hourly observations and size distribution measurements

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Product

Resources

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Insights into factors affecting nitrate in PM_2.5 in a polluted high NO_x environment through hourly observations and size distribution measurements