Artefakt „zdwojonej aorty” w badaniu ultrasonograficznym – problem diagnostyczny

Abstract

The double aorta artifact was described and studied thoroughly twenty-five years ago. Despite this, it is still not commonly known today and can cause diagnostic difficulty. Total aortic duplication can be considered an anatomic defect whilst partial duplication mimics aortic dissection. In the literature, this artifact has been compared with a very rare anomaly, i.e. the occurrence of two aortas in one patient. Currently, however, the differentiation of this artifact from abdominal aortic dissection seems to be of greater significance. The double aorta image occurs when ultrasound waves encounter prismatic fat tissue of the anterior abdominal wall. This artifact is more frequently observed in children and athletic young adults since the structure of this anatomic region in these individuals is conductive to the occurrence of this phenomenon. Moreover, it can be observed more often when curved transducers are used. Due to all these factors, an ultrasound beam undergoes greater refraction and make the artifact clearer. This phenomenon is usually easily recognizable and avoidable, but it sometimes might cause diagnostic difficulty. Obtaining an image of double abdominal vessels on ultrasound examination in transverse sections requires further inspection of the aorta in a different (sagittal) plane. This is not always possible due to poor patient preparation for scanning. Symmetrical flow on Doppler sonography is a typical feature of this artifact. Finally, magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography can be considered to rule out a pathology.

A Highly Flexible Piezoelectric Ultrasonic Sensor for Wearable Bone Density Testing

“…Due to the different number of blood vessels and soft tissues in different parts of the human body, different reflections and refractions of the ultrasonic wave in the body are encountered when propagating, and the signal ultimately entering the receiver is also changed [ 40 , 41 , 42 ]. When the system is fixed on the arm and calf, the waveform obtained by the receiving port is different, as shown in Figure 6 b,c.…”

“…Compared with conventional ultrasonic devices, the developed flexible ultrasonic sensors have a high degree of flexibility, making them well adapted to multiple parts of the human body. In the hardware circuit, the synchronous scanning circuit provided a single frequency of 1.15 MHz, and a 5 V signal for the pulse excitation circuit, which controlled the ultrasonic sensor to transmit the detection signal with a frequency of 1.15 MHz and an 80 V pulse excitation Due to the different number of blood vessels and soft tissues in different parts of the human body, different reflections and refractions of the ultrasonic wave in the body are encountered when propagating, and the signal ultimately entering the receiver is also changed [40][41][42]. When the system is fixed on the arm and calf, the waveform obtained by the receiving port is different, as shown in Figure 6b,c.…”

A single atrial septal defect masquerading as multiple defects due to a refraction artifact – A cautionary note

“…Among the various type of artifacts, a refraction artifact refers to the false duplication of an object behind a structure that acts as a wave refractor [7] , [8] , [9] , [10] . Ultrasound waves directed through the structure are refracted toward the object (in this case, a shunt flow of ASD) and then re-refracted back to the original direction of transmission on the return path.…”

“…In our case, we speculate that the sternum acted as the refractor. Duplication artifacts of cardiac valves or the left ventricle by refraction of the ultrasound beam are well known in B mode echocardiography [8] , [9] , [10] . However, the phenomenon for multiplication of flow signals occurring in color Doppler imaging due to a refraction artifact has rarely been reported [8] , [9] .…”