ARTEMISININ BIOSYNTHESIS PROMOTING KINASE 1 positively regulates artemisinin biosynthesis through phosphorylating AabZIP1

Abstract

An ABA-responsive SnRK2-type kinase, AaAPK1, is involved in positively regulating artemisinin biosynthesis in Artemisia annua through phosphorylation of AabZIP1.

AaPP2C1 negatively regulates the expression of genes involved in artemisinin biosynthesis through dephosphorylating AaAPK1

“…We recombined and purified the proteins, including GST-AabZIP1, GST-AaPP2C1, HIS-AaPP2C1 and HIS-AaAPK1, in E. coli (Figs S1 and S2). These results are consistent with those of our previous study [9]. As shown in Fig.…”

“…The coding sequences of AaPP2C1 and AaAPK1 were respectively amplified from A. annua as previously descripted [8,9].…”

“…Previously, we cloned and characterized ABA receptor (AaPYL9 [7]), clade A PP2C (AaPP2C1 [8]), ABA-induced SnRK2 (AaAPK1 [9]) and targets of AaAPK1 (AabZIP1 [10]) in A. annua L. AaPYL9 interacts with AaPP2C1 and the overexpression of AaPYL9 increases artemisinin biosynthesis. However, this model is primary contributed by model plants, especially Arabidopsis.…”

“…Nevertheless, to the best of our knowledge, the ABA signalling pathway for non-model and medicinal plants has not been established. Furthermore, AaAPK1a member of the SnRK2 familyis involved in the regulation of artemisinin biosynthesis by phosphorylating AabZIP1 [9]. Notably, AaPP2C1 acts as a central and negative regulator of ABA signalling [8].…”

A Highly Sensitive Detection Method, Phos-tag<sup>TM</sup> Affinity SDS-PAGE, Used to Analyze a Possible Substrate of CDPK-Related Protein Kinase5 in <i>Arabidopsis</i>

“…Using this method, many researchers reported valuable findings related to protein phosphorylation modifications, not only in the fields of basic life science but also in clinical medicine field [5]- [13]. With the continuous improvement of technology, the Phos-tag TM SDS-PAGE method has gradually become a routine method for laboratory analysis of protein phosphorylation [14] [15] [16] [17].…”