“…Literature review revealed 35 unique papers (Angel et al, 1993;Atiyeh & Musharafieh, 1997;Bruner, Jester, Sauerbier, & Germann, 2004;Cavadas, 2008;Demiri et al, 2009;Depprich, Naujoks, Meyer, Kubler, & Handschel, 2008;Devansh, 1995;Earle, Feng, & Jordan, 1990;Engel, Pelzer, Sauerbier, Germann, & Heitmann, 2007;Ethunandan, Cole, & Flood, 2007;Freedman, & Meland, 1989;Grenga & Yetman, 1987;Hallock, 1988Hallock, , 2012Karanas, Yim, Johannet, Hui, & Lineaweaver, 1998;Kim & Chandrasekhar, 1998;Lin & Butler, 2010;Lin et al, 2004;Lind, McCarthy, Derman, Jacobs, 2012;Moubayed et al, 2015;Mulholland et al, 1993;Oswald et al, 2007;Picard, Tiguemounine, Laure, Chabut, & Goga, 2004;Rand & Gruss, 1994;Rechnic, Edelson, & Fosburg, 1997;Reichenberger et al, 2010;Ritter et al, 1996;Silveira & Patricio, 1993;Sorensen, Muchardt, & Reumert, 1990;Sunar, Aygit, Afsar, Halici, & Duran, 2004;Tan, Cinal, Algan, & Barin, 2015;Threlfall et al, 1982;Vlastou & Earle, 1988;Vlastou, Earle, & Jordan, 1992;Wong, Lin, Fu, & Fang, 2009), which discussed utilizing AV loops in a single-stage approach and twelve papers which discussed utilizing AV loops in a two-stage approach for m...…”