Arterial elastic properties in man: a comparison of echo-Doppler indices of aortic stiffness

Lacombe, Florence; Dart, Anthony M.; Dewar, Elizabeth; Jennings, G.L.; Cameron, James D.; Laufer, E.

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a060311

Cited by 144 publications

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“…19 However, some studies have suggested that increase in large artery stiffness follows a nonlinear quadratic evolution, with more pronounced increase after the age of 55 years. 15,20,21 This result corroborates the well-known epidemiological observation of an increasing prevalence of systolic hypertension, the main clinical manifestation of large artery stiffness, after the age of 55 years. 7 The effect of gender is also controversial: some studies have shown a stronger increase of arterial stiffness in the elderly women, [22][23][24] whereas other studies suggest that the evolution of PWV was similar in the two genders.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Determinants of arterial stiffness in an apparently healthy population over 60 years

et al. 2006

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Arterial stiffness assessed by the pulse wave velocity (PWV), a non-invasive and reproducible method, predicts cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The main determinants of arterial stiffness are well established in younger and middle-aged populations, but much less in the elderly. The aim of this study was to describe the determinants of arterial stiffness in elderly apparently healthy subjects. The study included 221 voluntary subjects born before 1944 (mean age 67.475.0 years), who had a standard health check-up at the 'Centre de Mé decine Pré ventive' of Nancy. Arterial stiffness was evaluated by measuring the carotid-femoral PWV with the PulsePen automatic device. Clinical and biological parameters were evaluated at the same day. Measurements were valid and analysed in 207 subjects (94 women). Mean PWV was 9.3972.64 m/s. Men showed higher PWV values than women (9.9972.56 vs 8.6672.56, Po0.001). In univariate analysis, PWV was correlated with age (r ¼ 0.26, Po0.001) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) (r ¼ 0.40, Po0.001), and these relationships were similar in men and women. Subjects with hypertension (Po0.001), diabetes mellitus (Po0.001) and obesity (Po0.01) had higher values of PWV. In multiple regression analysis, PWV correlated positively and independently with age, male gender, MAP and diabetes mellitus. In conclusion, in an apparently healthy elderly population, the main determinants of arterial stiffness are the age, MAP, diabetes and gender. Our study also shows that the gender-related differences in arterial stiffness observed in middle-aged subjects are maintained in the elderly.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Determinants of arterial stiffness in an apparently healthy population over 60 years

et al. 2006

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“…Some earlier studies showed that the pulse wave velocity through the descending aorta was higher in men than in women, 25 -26 suggesting stiffer aortas in men, but other reports have not found sex differences in either the pulse wave velocity 8 -9 -27 or the indexes of aortic stiffness based on direct imaging of aortic pulsations. 6 - 28 In our study, the aortic elastic modulus was independent of sex, and there also were no sex interactions, indicating that the regressions given in Tables 3 and 4 were not statistically significantly different between men and women.…”

Section: Potential Predictors Of Aortic Elastic Modulussupporting

confidence: 44%

Relation of aortic stiffness to factors modifying the risk of atherosclerosis in healthy people.

Kupari

Hekali

Keto

et al. 1994

Arterioscler Thromb

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To identify factors predicting aortic stiffness, we studied the modulus of elasticity of the thoracic aorta in relation to sex, obesity, blood pressure, physical activity, smoking, ethanol consumption, salt intake, and serum lipid and insulin levels in 55 healthy people born in 1954. A transverse cine magnetic resonance image of the thoracic aorta was made, and the modulus of elasticity was determined as brachial artery cuff pulse pressure/aortic strain, where strain was determined as the ratio of pulsatile aortic luminal area change to the diastolic luminal area. The average of measurements made in the ascending and descending aorta was used as the elastic modulus of the thoracic aorta. Habitual physical activity, smoking, and alcohol use were quantified by 2-month prospective daily recording and salt intake by 7-day food records. The aortic elastic modulus ranged from 100 to 2091 10 3 dyne/cm 2 (median, 390 10 3 dyne/cm 2 ). In multiple regres-T he stiffness of the thoracic aorta influences aortic conduit function, contributes to blood pressure and left ventricular load, and may also modify the aortocoronary blood flow. 13 People with coronary artery disease have abnormally rigid aortas, 3 " 6 and noninvasive measurement of aortic distensibility has been considered for a targeted screening of coronary atheroma.7 For these reasons it has become timely to know what factors modify aortic pulsatility and in what way. It is generally agreed that the stiffness of the aorta increases with age and in hypertension,'-2 -6 -10 but knowledge of other potential predictors is insufficient and partly contradictory.6 ' 813 Concerning the relation of aortic stiffness to blood cholesterol level, some reports show a positive association, 1112 others a negative one, 613 and the rest no association. 810 Although part of these differences may be attributed to the modifying effect of age, 11 -13 confusing contrasts between the data 6 -12 still remain.The purpose of this study was to examine the predictors of aortic stiffness in a sample of the general adult population homogeneous for age and free of significant cardiovascular disease. In principle, aortic stiffness can be assessed noninvasively either by studying the relation between pulsatile changes in blood pressure and aortic luminal size or more indirectly by measuring the pulse wave velocity through the thoracoabdominal aorta. Key Words • aortic stiffness • magnetic resonance imaging • lipids • insulin • physical activity • sodium intake this study, we used cine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to measure the systolic and diastolic crosssectional areas of the ascending and descending thoracic aorta and calculated the modulus of elasticity 14 as an index of aortic stiffness. The present report describes the relations of aortic stiffness to those factors known to modify the risk of cardiovascular diseases, such as sex, obesity, blood lipid levels, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, sodium intake, and serum insulin level. Methods Study PopulationThis wo...

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“…Previous studies have shown a decrease in arterial compliance with advancing age, [5][6][7][8] in atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease, 5,10 -12 and in hypertension [13][14][15] and an increase in endurance-trained athletes. 6,16 -18 The difference observed between the 2 groups cannot be explained by the presence of any of these factors, because age, lipid profiles, resting mean arterial pressures, and aerobic fitness (quantified by VO 2 max) were comparable in the 2 groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Arterial compliance decreases with increasing age, [5][6][7][8] in atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease, 5,9 -12 and in hypertensive individuals. [13][14][15] Aerobic exercise has welldocumented efficacy for cardiovascular risk reduction, and it appears that at least part of its benefit derives from modification of arterial properties.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscular Strength Training Is Associated With Low Arterial Compliance and High Pulse Pressure

et al. 1999

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Abstract-Aerobic exercise training increases arterial compliance and reduces systolic blood pressure, but the effects of muscular strength training on arterial mechanical properties are unknown. We compared blood pressure, whole body arterial compliance, aortic impedance, aortic stiffness (measured by ␤-index and carotid pulse pressure divided by normalized systolic expansion Femoral-dorsalis pedis pulse wave velocity was also higher in the athletes, but carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity was not different. Furthermore, both carotid (56Ϯ3 versus 44Ϯ2 mm Hg; PϽ0.001) and brachial (60Ϯ3 versus 50Ϯ2 mm Hg; PϽ0.01) pulse pressures were higher in the athletes, but mean arterial pressure and resting heart rate did not differ between groups. These data indicate that both the proximal aorta and the leg arteries are stiffer in strength-trained individuals and contribute to a higher cardiac afterload. (Hypertension. 1999;33:1385-1391.) Key Words: mechanical properties, arterial Ⅲ stiffness Ⅲ compliance Ⅲ exercise A rterial compliance plays a role in determining both arterial systolic and diastolic pressure and therefore, in a clinical context, influences left ventricular size and function, coronary blood flow, and the risk of cerebrovascular accidents. [1][2][3] In the past, measures of arterial compliance in humans have been invasive, and therefore surrogate measures such as peripheral pulse pressure have been applied to investigate potential relationships with clinical outcomes. Pulse pressure correlates closely with serious cardiovascular outcomes such as myocardial infarction, 4 thus highlighting arterial compliance as a potential target for risk reduction therapy.Arterial compliance decreases with increasing age, 5-8 in atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease, 5,9 -12 and in hypertensive individuals. [13][14][15] Aerobic exercise has welldocumented efficacy for cardiovascular risk reduction, and it appears that at least part of its benefit derives from modification of arterial properties. In cross-sectional studies, aerobically trained athletes have a higher arterial compliance than sedentary individuals. 6,16,17 Furthermore, arterial compliance is elevated independently of blood pressure reduction in previously sedentary males after a 4-week program of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise training. 18 These data suggest that aerobic exercise structurally modifies the large arteries, a postulate supported by studies of ex vivo aortic properties in rats, after 16 weeks of spontaneous running. 19,20 While aerobic exercise is widely recommended as a preventative and therapeutic strategy, resistance-style training is becoming more popular, although it is less well studied with respect to its effects on blood pressure, and no previous study has examined arterial mechanical properties in this context. High-level resistance training is associated with abrupt and large pressor responses 21 and in the long term leads to a concentric ventricular hypertrophy. [22][23][24][25] We hypothesize that arterial mechanical modifica...

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Arterial elastic properties in man: a comparison of echo-Doppler indices of aortic stiffness

Cited by 144 publications

References 0 publications

Determinants of arterial stiffness in an apparently healthy population over 60 years

Determinants of arterial stiffness in an apparently healthy population over 60 years

Relation of aortic stiffness to factors modifying the risk of atherosclerosis in healthy people.

Muscular Strength Training Is Associated With Low Arterial Compliance and High Pulse Pressure

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