Arterial Elasticity in Man in Relation to Age as Evaluated by the Pulse Wave Velocity Method

Hallock, Phillip

doi:10.1001/archinte.1934.00160170113010

Cited by 175 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…[1][2][3][4][5] Stiffness represents the fundamental mechanical property of the large arteries responsible for the non-resistive component of left ventricular load and of vascular performance during diastole. Stiffness is translated to its functional effect, or compliance, via geometric factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of age on vascular compliance in man: which are the appropriate measures?

et al. 1999

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of age on vascular compliance in man: which are the appropriate measures?

et al. 1999

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Increased wave velocity in arterial disease can occur if either E or the relative wall thickness (h/R) is increased, but it is impossible to determine which of the specific physical arterial parameters are altered solely from measured changes in wave velocity. (2) where P = pressure, V = volume of tube per unit length, and dV/VdP = volume compliance of the tube. In this equation, the square of the wave velocity is related to the inverse of the volume compliance, which represents the total arterial stiffness.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Aortic pulse wave velocity, elasticity, and composition in a nonhuman primate model of atherosclerosis.

Farrar¹,

Green²,

Bond³

et al. 1978

Circulation Research

119

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARY Aortic pulse wave velocity was determined in Macaca fascicularis monkeys fed either atherogenic or control diets for 36 months. The foot-to-foot velocity and apparent phase velocities of the second through seventh Fourier harmonics at a given diastolic pressure in the atherosclerotic monkeys were 1.5 to 2.0 times the values for the control animals. More than 80% of the aortic intimal surface of the atherosclerotic monkeys was covered with fibrous or fatty plaque, which approximately doubled wall thickness and wall thickness to radius ratio. Angiochemical evaluations showed no difference in collagen or elastin concentration (as a fraction of lipid and mineral-free dried aorta), but the atherosclerotic aortas were 1.5 to 2.0 times that of control in collagen and elastin content (defined as the absolute quantity beneath a square centimeter of intimal surface). Total cholesterol and calcium concentrations in the atherosclerotic aortas were more than 10 times the values for the control aortas. The static circumferential distensibility of the excised atherosclerotic aortas was significantly less than control, but there was no difference in incremental (Young's) modulus of elasticity. The in vitro pressure-strain elastic modulus of the atherosclerotic aortas was more than twice that of control, which was predicted from the enhanced wave velocity. The significantly increased stiffness of the atherosclerotic arteries appeared to be due mainly to the increased wall thickness caused by the atherosclerotic plaques rather than to material changes described by Young's modulus. Extensive medial damage, however, also was present and could have had a major influence on stiffness. Atherosclerosis therefore can result in increased aortic stiffening, detectable by pulse wave velocity, even if there is no change in the overall Young's modulus of elasticity.

show abstract

“…that distensibility decreases with age and in disease (17), and that normal blood flow is not always maintained (12). We also question the assumption that blood flow varies as the square root of the pressure applied, a condition well known to occur in hydraulics, and which doubtless holds for Bay's schema, but apparently not for the circulation (18).…”

Section: Cardiac Stimulation and Depressionmentioning

confidence: 88%

A clinical study of the action of 10 commonly used drugs on cardiac output, work, and size; on respiration, on metabolic rate, and on the electrocardiogram

1938

American Heart Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The possession of a technique which permitted rapid estimations of cardiac output and which, demanding no intelligent cooperation, seemed especially suitable for use on ward patients, has permitted an extensive study on the action of common drugs on the heart and circulation in clinical conditions. This study contains about 450 estimations of cardiac output performed on 85 patients.Coincidentally with these estimations the action of drugs on pulse rate, on blood pressure, on respiratory rate and volume, and on metabolic rate was observed. Orthodiagrams and electrocardiograms were secured also. Therefore, certain parts of our study dealt with effects already well known.The results of such estimations have permitted the calculation of heart work, of peripheral resistance, of arteriovenous oxygen difference, and of the ratio of heart work to heart size, the latter a factor of decisive importance in our conception of cardiac stimulation and depression. Therefore our study demonstrates the effect of drugs on these functions also.Most of the drugs selected are commonly used in cases of cardiac and circulatory disease. We have studied the actions of digitalis, epinephrine, ephedrine, caffeine, theophylline, carbaminoylcholine, sodium nitrite, nitroglycerine, pitressin, quinidine, morphine and strychnine. We have studied the effects of drugs in those clinical conditions in which physicians are accustomed to employ them.But when suitable cases were not available the effects were studied in other conditions. Almost without exception our results support the general conceptions of drug action derived from animal experiments. PROCEDUREAll estimations were performed in the morning. The patients received no food after their evening meal and no water after midnight. They were taken from the ward in bed or in a wheel chair. An electrocardiogram and an orthodiagram were obtained first. Then the subjects lay down for at least 45 minutes. Duplicate estimations of cardiac output and metabolism were then made, together with repeated determinations of pulse rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate and volume.If the study concerned a rapidly acting drug, this was administered soon after the control estimations. The patient was watched until evidence of the drug's action became manifest objectively. Duplicate estimations of cardiac output and metabolism were then made, the purpose being to make these determinations at the height of action. Orthodiagrams and electrocardiograms were secured immediately afterward. Cardiac output was estimated by the method of Starr and Gamble (1), the analyses being performed by the katharometer method of Donal, Gamble and Shaw (2). Metabolism was estimated from samples of expired air drawn from a mixing bottle containing a fan.Respiratory volume was obtained by reading the spirometer at frequent intervals. Respiratory rate was counted repeatedly during the period of observations. It is well known that subjects breathing from a spirometer under 3 mm. H,O negative pressure, and through valves, tend to breathe...

show abstract

Arterial Elasticity in Man in Relation to Age as Evaluated by the Pulse Wave Velocity Method

Cited by 175 publications

References 11 publications

The effect of age on vascular compliance in man: which are the appropriate measures?

The effect of age on vascular compliance in man: which are the appropriate measures?

Aortic pulse wave velocity, elasticity, and composition in a nonhuman primate model of atherosclerosis.

A clinical study of the action of 10 commonly used drugs on cardiac output, work, and size; on respiration, on metabolic rate, and on the electrocardiogram

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About