Arterial lesions and blood lipids in rhesus monkeys fed human diets

Vesselinovitch, Dragoslava; Hughes, Randolph; Turner, Dorothea; Frazier, L. E.

doi:10.1016/0014-4800(83)90104-1

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…5,6,[46][47][48][49][50][51] The results strongly support the strong atherogenicity of saturated fatty acids through effects to raise LDL cholesterol concentrations compared with the effects of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Although monounsaturated fatty acids promoted atherosclerosis despite lowering LDL cholesterol, mechanisms related to LDL binding to proteoglycan may differ in humans.…”

Section: Clinical Statements and Guidelinesmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…48,50 Finally, a diet typical of the 1980s in the United States, high in saturated fat, fed to rhesus monkeys for 2 years increased serum cholesterol to 383 mg/dL and caused atherosclerosis that had complex pathological features similar to atherosclerosis in young human adults who died of trauma. 51 In contrast, a "prudent" diet recommended by the AHA to prevent CHD, low in saturated and high in polyunsaturated fat, produced lower serum cholesterol levels, 199 mg/dL, and less atherosclerosis.…”

Section: Clinical Statements and Guidelinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Dietary Fats and Cardiovascular Disease: A Presidential Advisory From the American Heart Association

Sacks¹,

Lichtenstein²,

Wu³

et al. 2017

Circulation

1,026

684

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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading global cause of death, accounting for 17.3 million deaths per year. Preventive treatment that reduces CVD by even a small percentage can substantially reduce, nationally and globally, the number of people who develop CVD and the costs of caring for them. This American Heart Association presidential advisory on dietary fats and CVD reviews and discusses the scientific evidence, including the most recent studies, on the effects of dietary saturated fat intake and its replacement by other types of fats and carbohydrates on CVD. In summary, randomized controlled trials that lowered intake of dietary saturated fat and replaced it with polyunsaturated vegetable oil reduced CVD by ≈30%, similar to the reduction achieved by statin treatment. Prospective observational studies in many populations showed that lower intake of saturated fat coupled with higher intake of polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fat is associated with lower rates of CVD and of other major causes of death and all-cause mortality. In contrast, replacement of saturated fat with mostly refined carbohydrates and sugars is not associated with lower rates of CVD and did not reduce CVD in clinical trials. Replacement of saturated with unsaturated fats lowers low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, a cause of atherosclerosis, linking biological evidence with incidence of CVD in populations and in clinical trials. Taking into consideration the totality of the scientific evidence, satisfying rigorous criteria for causality, we conclude strongly that lowering intake of saturated fat and replacing it with unsaturated fats, especially polyunsaturated fats, will lower the incidence of CVD. States died of heart disease, stroke, and other CVDs in 2014, translating to about 1 of every 3 deaths. The annual direct and indirect costs of these deaths total more than $316.1 billion, including health expenditures and lost productivity.1 Preventive treatment that reduces CVD by even a small percentage can substantially reduce, nationally and globally, the number of people who develop CVD and the costs of caring for them.Since 1961, the American Heart Association (AHA) has recommended reduction in dietary saturated fat to reduce the risk of CVD.2,3 The purpose of this AHA presidential advisory on dietary fats and CVD is to review and discuss the scientific evidence, including the most recent studies, on the effects on CVD of dietary saturated fat and its replacement by other types of fats and carbohydrates. A presidential advisory is initiated by the AHA president to address a topic of special current importance. This report discusses the major classes of dietary fatty acids, except for the verylong-chain n-3 fatty acids in fish, which are covered by other AHA reports.The scientific rationale for decreasing saturated fat in the diet has been and remains based on wellestablished effects of saturated fat to raise low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, a leading cause of atherosclerosis 4 ; to cause atherosclerosis in seve...

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Section: Clinical Statements and Guidelinesmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Clinical Statements and Guidelinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Fats and Cardiovascular Disease: A Presidential Advisory From the American Heart Association

Sacks¹,

Lichtenstein²,

Wu³

et al. 2017

Circulation

1,026

684

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A reduction of SFA consumption lowers plasma total and LDL cholesterol. Experimental studies in nonhuman primates have demonstrated that diets rich in total and saturated fat and in cholesterol not only increased serum total and LDL cholesterol, but also induced atherosclerotic lesions in aorta and coronary arteries (24,75,76). Epidemiological studies in adult and childhood populations found an association of high-fat diets with high CHD morbidity and mortality (77,78).…”

Section: Dietmentioning

confidence: 99%

Committee Report

Heine,

Hernell,

Koletzko

et al. 1994

J. pediatr. gastroenterol. nutr.

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Summary Coronary heart disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Europe, particularly northern, central, and eastern Europe. Several strategies have been recommended for children and adolescents to promote a healthy lifestyle and thereby reduce the risk of coronary heart disease in later life. The European Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition (ESPGAN) Committee on Nutrition reviewed some of these strategies, and our conclusions and recommendations are reported herein.

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Studies on the Effects of Diets Realistic for Westernized People on Plasma Lipoprotein Composition, Metabolism, and Atherosclerosis in Vervet Monkeys

Benadé

2008

Wild-Type Food in Health Promotion and Disease Prevention

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Arterial lesions and blood lipids in rhesus monkeys fed human diets

Cited by 9 publications

References 18 publications

Dietary Fats and Cardiovascular Disease: A Presidential Advisory From the American Heart Association

Dietary Fats and Cardiovascular Disease: A Presidential Advisory From the American Heart Association

Committee Report

Studies on the Effects of Diets Realistic for Westernized People on Plasma Lipoprotein Composition, Metabolism, and Atherosclerosis in Vervet Monkeys

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