Arterial stiffness, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk: Pathophysiologic mechanisms and emerging clinical indications

Palombo, Carlo; Kozàkovà, M.

doi:10.1016/j.vph.2015.11.083

Cited by 400 publications

(354 citation statements)

References 116 publications

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“…32,33 Extracellular matrix stiffening (arteriosclerosis) may activate several mechanisms involved also in atherogenesis. 34 For example, elevated BP accelerates atherosclerosis, collagen synthesis, and arterial smooth muscle hyperplasia and hypertrophy, which contribute to decreasing arterial distensibility. 35 In animal models, the rate of aortic cholesterol accumulation correlated with aortic collagen synthesis activity, an observation suggesting that increased collagen synthesis may be associated with increased accumulation or retention of cholesterol in the arterial wall.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…35 In animal models, the rate of aortic cholesterol accumulation correlated with aortic collagen synthesis activity, an observation suggesting that increased collagen synthesis may be associated with increased accumulation or retention of cholesterol in the arterial wall. 34 Moreover, extracellular matrix stiffening has been shown to promote disruption of endothelial barrier integrity, thus increasing endothelial permeability and cholesterol uptake in the vessel wall, which is a critical step in atherosclerotic plaque formation. 36 During childhood, the aorta dilates with somatic growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cardiometabolic Determinants of Carotid and Aortic Distensibility From Childhood to Early Adulthood

et al. 2017

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A rterial stiffness or decreased arterial distensibility has been implicated as a predictor of cardiovascular diseases.1,2 Cardiometabolic risk factors, such as high LDL-C (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol), elevated blood pressure (BP), and obesity, have been associated with arterial stiffness in adults. 3 We have shown that exposure to cardiometabolic risk markers in childhood is associated with decreased carotid artery distensibility (cdist) in adulthood. 4 Already at early age, obese children and those with familial hypercholesterolemia have stiffer arteries compared with lean, healthy peers in a cross-sectional setting. 5,6 We have previously reported in the longitudinal STRIP (Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project) studying healthy children that cdist and aortic distensibility (adist) decrease from childhood to early adulthood and that boys have markedly stiffer arteries than girls. 7 The STRIP dietary intervention focused on quality of fat was not associated with arterial distensibility at this early age. 7 We have also shown that childhood exposure to tobacco smoke is associated with decreased adist at age of 11 years 8 while higher cardiorespiratory fitness and ideal cardiovascular health score associate with increased arterial distensibility in adolescence. 9,10 However, to date, in healthy children, a comprehensive, longitudinal assessment of cardiometabolic determinants of arterial distensibility from childhood to adulthood is still lacking.Therefore, we studied in the prospective STRIP cohort the association of several cardiometabolic risk markers and dietary variables with distensibility of the 2 key arteries, aorta Abstract-Children who are obese or have familial hypercholesterolemia have stiffer arteries compared with lean, healthy peers. Limited data are, however, available on the association of cardiometabolic risk markers and arterial distensibility in healthy children, particularly in a longitudinal setting. Therefore, we studied in the prospective STRIP (Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project) comprising healthy, predominantly normal weight participants the association of several cardiometabolic and dietary risk markers with arterial distensibility from childhood to early adulthood. Carotid and aortic distensibility (cdist, adist) was assessed repeatedly with ultrasonography at the age of 11, 13, 15, 17, and 19 years in the longitudinal atherosclerosis prevention study (n cdist =420-503, n adist =407-476 Dietary variables were not independently associated with arterial distensibility. Participants with low arterial distensibility had higher body mass index (P cdist =0.0090, P adist =0.098) and higher systolic (P cdist <0.0001, P adist <0.0001) and diastolic blood pressures (P cdist <0.0001, P adist =0.0002) already from early childhood. Body mass index, blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and homeostasis model of insulin resistance identified since childhood associate with arterial distensibility in healthy children and adolescents. Thes...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiometabolic Determinants of Carotid and Aortic Distensibility From Childhood to Early Adulthood

et al. 2017

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“…Coronary heart disease and stroke are important causes of morbidity and mortality all over the world [1][2][3]. Many epidemiological data have shown that in the general population, coronary accidents are frequent and have a high rate of mortality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of arterial stiffness in predicting cardiovascular events

Ecobici

Voiculescu

2017

Romanian Journal of Internal Medicine

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Introduction. Cardiovascular events represent an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the entire population. Arterial stiffness is currently considered one of the most important risk factors for the development of cardiovascular events. The gold-standard for evaluating arterial stiffness is pulse wave velocity (PWV). Recent studies have demonstrated that PWV is an independent risk factor regarding the development of cardiovascular events, especially in certain categories of patients.Material and Methods. The development of cardiovascular events was assessed in 174 patients admitted in the Center of Internal Medicine, Fundeni Clinical Institute, between January 2011 -May 2012. Arterial stiffness was evaluated by measuring PWV using the Sphygmocor system (AtCor, Australia), which is based on the principle of applanation tonometry. The patients were monitored for the development of cardiovascular events (ischemic heart disease, heart failure, stroke, acute myocardial infarction) and for death of cardiovascular cause, over a median period of 51.5 months (43-60 months).Results. Of the 174 patients, 81 (46.6%) were women and 93 (53.4%) were men. Mean age was 55.96 years. 93 of the 174 patients had chronic kidney failure in different stages (47.3% in stage V). Regarding PWV in the patient group, we obtained a mean score of 9.382. We observed a significant difference regarding the PWV level only for acute myocardial infarction and death between patients who developed these events and those who did not.Conclusions. Our study demonstrates that PWV increase can be positively associated with the occurrence of cardiovascular events, particularly in certain groups of patients

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“…Dividers blood fl ow correspond to areas of increased permeability of the endothelial lining and are prone to the formation of atheroma [3,4]. As the analysis of the literature [5], the least studied structural component of the vascular wall in hemodynamic stress zone are smooth myocytes (SM).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in the Branching of Renal Arteries

Gansburgsky¹,

Yal'tsev²

2017

Ann Circ

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AnnotationHistological, morphometric, cytophotometry and statistical methods studied isolated smooth muscle cells at sites of the renal arteries with different hemodynamic conditions in newborns. It is shown that the population of smooth muscle cells on the straight sections of the renal arteries represented subpopulations of small, medium and large mononuclear cells. In the area of the arteries blood fl ow dividers, characterized by turbulence, twists, recycling and complex distribution of shear stress on the vascular wall, there is a pronounced polymorphism in the structure of the arteries of the population. Smooth muscle cells in these hemodynamic conditions, undergo hypertrophy and hyperplasia polyploidization. Phenotypic modulation myocytes occurring in arteries with high branching, anastomosing, many turns may initiate the development of hypertension, heart failure, ischemia, diabetes and obesity.

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Arterial stiffness, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk: Pathophysiologic mechanisms and emerging clinical indications

Cited by 400 publications

References 116 publications

Cardiometabolic Determinants of Carotid and Aortic Distensibility From Childhood to Early Adulthood

Cardiometabolic Determinants of Carotid and Aortic Distensibility From Childhood to Early Adulthood

Importance of arterial stiffness in predicting cardiovascular events

Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in the Branching of Renal Arteries

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