Arterial stiffness is not acutely modified by consumption of a caffeinated soft drink sweetened with high‐fructose corn syrup in young healthy adults

Freemas, Jessica A.; Greenshields, Joel T.; Baker, Thomas W.; Carter, Stephen J.; Johnson, Blair D.; Schlader, Zachary J.

doi:10.14814/phy2.14777

Cited by 4 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Unfortunately, our search for studies in human subjects was only able to identify controlled studies reporting the acute effects of acute fructose ingestion (several hours). In contrast, animal studies showing deleterious effects on hemodynamics have largely assessed the long-term effects (weeks to months) of fructose on blood pressure [ 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 ], with some animal studies using dietary amounts exceeding what is typically ingested by people [ 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ]. We identified only a limited number of publications reporting the direct effects of fructose on blood pressure in humans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Intake of Fructose Increases Arterial Pressure in Humans: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review

Siddiqui,

Rossi

2024

Nutrients

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Hypertension is a major cardiac risk factor. Higher blood pressures are becoming more prevalent due to changing dietary habits. Here, we evaluated the impact on blood pressure in human subjects after acutely ingesting fructose using meta-analysis. A total of 89 studies were collected from four different electronic databases from 1 January 2008 to 1 August 2023. Of these studies, 10 were selected that fulfilled all the criteria for this meta-analysis. Heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), and blood glucose level were analyzed using the Cohen’s d analysis or standardized mean difference at a confidence interval (CI) of 95%. The SBP, DBP, and MAP showed medium effect size; HR and glucose level displayed small effect size. The standardized mean difference of normal diet groups and fructose diet groups showed a significant increase in SBP (p = 0.04, REM = 2.30), and DBP (p = 0.03, REM = 1.48) with heterogeneity of 57% and 62%, respectively. Acute fructose ingestion contributes to an increase in arterial pressure in humans. The different parameters of arterial pressure in humans correlated with each other. These findings support further rigorous investigation, retrospective of necessity, into the effect of chronic dietary of fructose in humans in order to better understand the impact on long term arterial pressure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Intake of Fructose Increases Arterial Pressure in Humans: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review

Siddiqui,

Rossi

2024

Nutrients

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“…Acute consumption of an HFCS beverage increased renal vascular resistance (Chapman et al, 2020 ) and increased systolic blood pressure (Le et al, 2012 ) but did not affect arterial stiffness in young healthy adults (Freemas et al, 2021 ). Although we do not have pre-experimental beverage consumption blood pressure, there were no differences between the blood pressures at baseline between water and soft drink beverages but this could be due to a lower amount of caffeine than amounts known (>90 mg) to increase blood pressure (Nurminen et al, 1999 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebral vascular function following the acute consumption of caffeinated artificially- and sugar sweetened soft drinks in healthy adults

Reed

Worley²,

Kueck³

et al. 2022

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Chronic consumption of sugar- and artificially-sweetened beverages (SSB and ASB) are associated with an increased risk of stroke but it is unclear how acute consumption influences cerebral vascular function.Purpose: We hypothesized that: (1) acute consumption of SSB and ASB would augment dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA) and attenuate cerebral vascular reactivity to hypercapnia (CVRCO2) compared to water; and (2) dCA and CVRCO2 would be attenuated with SSB compared to ASB and water.Methods: Twelve healthy adults (age: 23 ± 2 years, four females) completed three randomized trials where they drank 500 ml of water, SSB (Mountain Dew®), or ASB (Diet Mountain Dew®). We measured mean arterial pressure (MAP), middle and posterior cerebral artery blood velocities (MCAv and PCAv), and end-tidal CO2 tension (PETCO2). Cerebral vascular conductance was calculated as cerebral artery blood velocity/MAP (MCAc and PCAc). Twenty min after consumption, participants completed a 5 min baseline, and in a counterbalanced order, a CVRCO2 test (3%, 5%, and 7% CO2 in 3 min stages) and a dCA test (squat-stand tests at 0.10 Hz and 0.05 Hz for 5 min each) separated by 10 min. CVRCO2 was calculated as the slope of the linear regression lines of MCAv and PCAv vs. PETCO2. dCA was assessed in the MCA using transfer function analysis. Coherence, gain, and phase were determined in the low frequency (LF; 0.07–0.2 Hz) and very low frequency (VLF; 0.02–0.07 Hz).Results: MCAv and MCAc were lower after SSB (54.11 ± 12.28 cm/s, 0.58 ± 0.15 cm/s/mmHg) and ASB (51.07 ± 9.35 cm/s, 0.52 ± 1.0 cm/s/mmHg) vs. water (62.73 ± 12.96 cm/s, 0.67 ± 0.11 cm/s/mmHg; all P < 0.035), respectively. PCAc was also lower with the ASB compared to water (P = 0.007). MCA CVRCO2 was lower following ASB (1.55 ± 0.38 cm/s/mmHg) vs. water (2.00 ± 0.57 cm/s/mmHg; P = 0.011) but not after SSB (1.90 ± 0.67 cm/s/mmHg; P = 0.593). PCA CVRCO2 did not differ between beverages (P > 0.853). There were no differences between beverages for coherence (P ≥ 0.295), gain (P ≥ 0.058), or phase (P ≥ 0.084) for either frequency.Discussion: Acute consumption of caffeinated SSB and ASB resulted in lower intracranial artery blood velocity and conductance but had a minimal effect on cerebral vascular function as only MCA CVRCO2 was altered with the ASB compared to water.

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“…Therefore, the proximity to the production and the excretion of uric acid could explain a greater decrement in nitric oxide bioactivity in the renal vasculature compared to the skin on the forearm. Thus, following consumption of a caffeinated soft drink sweetened with HFCS the differential vascular effects between the cutaneous circulation (Figure 2 ), central hemodynamics (Freemas et al, 2021 ), and the kidneys (Chapman et al, 2020 ) may be partially explained by the role of the kidneys in fructose metabolism and/or uric acid handling. However, this remains to be formally investigated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both study protocols were approved by the Institutional Review Board at Indiana University and performed in accordance with the standards set by the latest revision of the Declaration of Helsinki, except for registration in a database. These data were collected concurrently with those presented in a previously published manuscript that tested a unique research hypothesis related to the effects of ingesting a commercially available caffeinated soft drink sweetened with HFCS on central hemodynamics (Freemas et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, consumption of a caffeinated soft drink sweetened with HFCS decreases cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity, likely due to modulation of the parasympathetic nervous system (Chapman et al, 2021 ). However, consumption of this same beverage did not affect arterial stiffness, likely due to minimal effect on sympathetic activation (Freemas et al, 2021 ). Given the association between high intake of soft drinks containing HFCS and cardiovascular disease (Malik & Hu, 2015 ), it is possible that these findings reflect HFCS‐medicated changes throughout the vascular tree (i.e., not only in the renal vasculature).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cutaneous microvascular vasodilatory consequences of acute consumption of a caffeinated soft drink sweetened with high‐fructose corn syrup

et al. 2021

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This study tested the hypotheses that compared to drinking water, consumption of a caffeinated soft drink sweetened with high‐fructose corn syrup (HFCS) attenuates the cutaneous vasodilatory response to local skin heating without (Protocol 1) and following ischemia‐reperfusion injury (Protocol 2). In a randomized, counterbalanced crossover design, 14 healthy adults (25 ± 3 year, 6 women) consumed 500 ml of water (water) or a caffeinated soft drink sweetened with HFCS (Mtn. Dew, DEW). Thirty minutes following beverage consumption local skin heating commenced on the right forearm (Protocol 1), while on the left forearm ischemia‐reperfusion commenced with 20 min of ischemia followed by 20 min of reperfusion and then local skin heating (Protocol 2). Local skin heating involved 40 min of heating to 39℃ followed by 20 min of heating to 44℃. Skin blood flow (SkBf, laser Doppler) data were normalized to mean arterial pressure and are presented as a cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) and as percentage of the CVC response during heating to 44℃ (%CVCmax). Protocol 1: During local heating at 39℃, no differences were observed in CVC (water: 2.0 ± 0.6 PU/mmHg; DEW: 2.0 ± 0.8 PU/mmHg, p = 0.83) or %CVCmax (water: 59 ± 14%; DEW 60 ± 15%, p = 0.84) between trials. Protocol 2: During local skin heating at 39℃, no differences were observed in CVC (water: 1.7 ± 0.5 PU/mmHg; DEW: 1.5 ± 0.5 PU/mmHg, p = 0.33) or %CVCmax (water: 64 ± 15%; DEW 61 ± 15% p = 0.62) between trials. The cutaneous microvascular vasodilator response to local heating with or without prior ischemia‐reperfusion injury is not affected by acute consumption of a caffeinated soft drink sweetened with HFCS.

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Arterial stiffness is not acutely modified by consumption of a caffeinated soft drink sweetened with high‐fructose corn syrup in young healthy adults

Cited by 4 publications

References 32 publications

Acute Intake of Fructose Increases Arterial Pressure in Humans: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review

Acute Intake of Fructose Increases Arterial Pressure in Humans: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review

Cerebral vascular function following the acute consumption of caffeinated artificially- and sugar sweetened soft drinks in healthy adults

Cutaneous microvascular vasodilatory consequences of acute consumption of a caffeinated soft drink sweetened with high‐fructose corn syrup

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