Arterial thromboembolism: Thoracic outlet syndrome complications

Abstract

Introduction: Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) results in the compression of neurovascular structures (brachial plexus, subclavian artery, and vein) between the scalene muscles and first rib. Compression of these structures can result in neurogenic and vascular TOS (arterial and venous). Case Report: We present the case of a 40-year-old female patient with acute upper limb ischemia secondary to arterial TOS. Discussion: Arterial TOS is a rare cause of ischemia of the upper limbs. It is the least common form of TOS, which represents < 1% of TOS cases. However, arterial TOS is potentially dangerous, as it can lead to acute ischemia of the upper extremities, damage of the intima, and aneurysmal degeneration of the subclavian artery related to chronic compression. Knowledge of the arterial TOS is crucial to reach a timely diagnosis and management.