Arterial Vascular Structures Running Through Retrotransverse Foramen and Retrotransverse Groove of the Atlas Vertebrae

Xing, Xi-hong; Aiming, Zhang; Adu, Isaac Kumi; Huang, Man-Hua; Cui, Gang

doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2021.07.056

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Most of them suggest that RTF are mostly found with an unweighted prevalence of 11.9% ( Table 1 ). Studies of Africans ( 15 - 17 ) and Europeans ( 6 - 8 , 18 - 28 ) report higher values of maximum prevalence than those of Asian ( 4 , 5 , 9 , 29 - 50 ) and American origin ( 51 ). This discrepancy may be related to the existence of intra- and inter-population differences or may be associated with the fact that in most of the studies the crude (prevalence calculated from all the available specimens) rather than the vertebra-adjusted prevalence (specified for each of the cervical vertebrae) is reported.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Additionally, the same issue remains when assessing imaging studies dealing with this topic. Particularly, even though some authors have reported that the RTF content may be the VA ( 9 ) and/or the VV ( 11 , 47 ) Xing et al ( 9 ) supported that RTF is only perforated by venous components, as they did not find any case of the passage of the VA. Their conclusion contradicts Kaya et al ( 39 ) who related VA duplication with the existence of a RTF.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of an accessory foramen posterior to the TF, a so-called retrotransverse foramen (RTF), or posterolateral foramen or canaliculus venosus (2) is noticed as a variant, with a reported prevalence that differs widely between studies in different populations (Table 1). Most of the published studies investigating the RTF have examined dried vertebrae, while a few cadaveric (3)(4)(5)(6) and imaging (6)(7)(8)(9)(10) studies have provided additional information on the RTF perforating structures, or have described possible clinical implications (headache, migraine, and loss of consciousness relating to certain neck movements) (11). However, knowledge of RTF variants is not only limited to such manifestations, since an accessory foramen may be of paramount surgical importance in upper cervical spine surgery when exposing the C1 posterior arch (12), and when interpreting neck compression syndromes, due to VA entrapment (13).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Prevalence and Morphometry of the Atlas Vertebra Retrotransverse Foramen

Lyrtzis¹,

Tsakotos²,

Kostares³

et al. 2023

ama

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Objective. The current study records the prevalence of the accessory foramen, located posterior to the transverse foramen (TF), the so-called the retrotransverse foramen (RTF), its morphometry, exact location, and coexistence with ossified posterior bridges. Additionally, factors associated with the length of the RTF are investigated.Materials. One-hundred and forty-one dried atlas vertebrae were examined.Results. Thirty-seven out of the 141 vertebrae (26.2%) had at least one RTF. The RTF was unilateral in 67.6% and bilateral in 32.4%. The mean RTF anteroposterior diameter (length) was 4.2±1.4 mm on the right and 3.8±1.0 mm on the left side. The mean RTF laterolateral diameter (width) was 2.6±1.2 mm on the right and 2.5±0.8 mm on the left side. Both dimensions were symmetrical. The RTF was symmetrically located from the TF, at a mean distance of 4.6±1.1 mm on the right and of 4.5±0.9 mm on the left side. For the given TF-RTF distance, laterality, and presence of posterior bridges, each mm increase in the RTF width was associated with a 0.74 mm increase in the relevant length.Conclusion. The estimated prevalence was higher than most of those reported in other studies. However, the between-studies prevalence varies to a significant degree. Hence, a systematic review and meta-analysis should be performed to identify a more precise estimate due to the clinical importance of the RTF.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Prevalence and Morphometry of the Atlas Vertebra Retrotransverse Foramen

Lyrtzis¹,

Tsakotos²,

Kostares³

et al. 2023

ama

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The impact of an anomalous third segment of the vertebral artery on bypass surgery: a case report and literature review

Zhao,

Liu,

Shen

et al. 2024

Br J Hosp Med

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The horizontal part of the third segment (V3) of the vertebral artery (VA) is a critical anastomotic site for bypass procedures involving either donor or recipient vessels. It is rare for the V3 segment to deviate from its typical course of passing through the atlanto-transverse foramen. V3 anomaly encountered in occipital artery (OA)-V3 bypass surgery has not been previously reported. Here, we present a case involving a patient undergoing bypass surgery due to recurrent post-stent occlusion at the first segment (V1) of the left VA. During the operation, it was noted that the V3 horizontal segment could not be identified within the left VA groove, leading to initial suspicion of left V3 disuse atrophy attributed to prolonged chronic ischaemia. Consequently, there was a need to modify the operative method and to transition from an OA-V3 bypass to an OA-posterior inferior cerebellar artery bypass. Post-operative computed tomography angiography confirmed that indeed, the left V3 did not traverse through the transverse foramen of the atlas and instead entered the dural membrane between the first cervical vertebra (C1) and the second cervical vertebra (C2).

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Arterial Vascular Structures Running Through Retrotransverse Foramen and Retrotransverse Groove of the Atlas Vertebrae

Cited by 2 publications

References 19 publications

The Prevalence and Morphometry of the Atlas Vertebra Retrotransverse Foramen

The Prevalence and Morphometry of the Atlas Vertebra Retrotransverse Foramen

The impact of an anomalous third segment of the vertebral artery on bypass surgery: a case report and literature review

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