Arterial-venous differences of plasma catecholamines in man

Halter, Jeffrey B.; Pflug, A. Eugene; Tolas, Andrew G.

doi:10.1016/0026-0495(80)90090-6

Cited by 64 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In fact, venous plasma samples may reflect local tissue production and removal of norepinephrine and epinephrine, respectively [178], so that when investigating catecholamine response to psychological stress arterial measurements appear superior to venous measurements [22, 23]. With the aid of a sophisticated technique, requiring the infusion of a trace quantity of radiolabeled norepinephrine and the collection of arterial samples with the aim of calculating norepinephrine spillover into arterial plasma, Goldstein et al [23]have shown that changes in antecubital venous norepinephrine levels do not reflect accurately sympathetic nerve activity in the body as a whole.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological Stress and Neuroendocrine Function in Humans: The Last Two Decades of Research

Biondi

Picardi

1999

Psychother Psychosom

313

175

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This paper reviews experimental contributions published in the last two decades and exploring the effect of emotional stress on neuroendocrine function in healthy humans. Laboratory studies allow standardization of the stressor and better control for known confounding factors. Commonly used stressors are mental arithmetics, speech tasks, the Stroop test, videogame playing, films or videotapes and interviews. Little is known about the generalizability of laboratory results, with some studies suggesting great caution in extrapolating data to real-life stress conditions. Another strategy is studying the psychoendocrine reaction to real-life stressors, such as bereavement or anticipated loss, academic examinations, everyday work and parachute jumping. The effects of different stressors on neuroendocrine axes are reviewed, as well as the influence of gender, age, personality, coping style, social support, biological and nonbiological interventions. The subjective perception of the situation is probably a main determinant of the psychoendocrine response pattern. In fact, marked variability in individual responses to a variety of stressors has frequently been observed. Evidently, the ‘objective’ characteristics of a given event are not the only determinants of reaction to the event itself. According to a constructivistic perspective, every given stressor has a strictly personal and idiosyncratic meaning and loses its ‘objective’ characteristics. Of course, biological factors may also play a part. In any case, it is mandatory to overcome a rigid dichotomy between psychological and biological processes. Dualistic conceptions which imply a determination of the physical by the psychological or vice versa should give place to a systemic conception, which implies mutual, circular interactions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological Stress and Neuroendocrine Function in Humans: The Last Two Decades of Research

Biondi

Picardi

1999

Psychother Psychosom

313

175

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Although one typically expects to see increases in circulating levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine in response to stress, several recent investigators have failed to do so (12)(13)(14). One possible explanation for the lack of effect on catecholamines in some studies is venous samples have been used, which may reflect local tissue production and removal of norepinephrine and epinephrine, respectively (15). A study comparing arterial and venous sampling at rest and during dental procedures showed that baseline venous levels of norepinephrine are greater than arterial levels; in contrast, baseline venous levels of epinephrine are lower than baseline arterial levels (15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One possible explanation for the lack of effect on catecholamines in some studies is venous samples have been used, which may reflect local tissue production and removal of norepinephrine and epinephrine, respectively (15). A study comparing arterial and venous sampling at rest and during dental procedures showed that baseline venous levels of norepinephrine are greater than arterial levels; in contrast, baseline venous levels of epinephrine are lower than baseline arterial levels (15). Subsequently, the superiority of arterial measurements over venous ones in examining catecholamine responses to stress has been demonstrated (16,17).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular and neuroendocrine responses to extended laboratory challenge.

McCann

Carter

Vaughan

et al. 1993

Psychosomatic Medicine

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The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a 2-hour laboratory challenge on heart rate, blood pressure, catecholamines, and cortisol; and investigate the contribution of the physical act of speaking on both neuroendocrine and cardiovascular measures. Using a within-subjects design, 14 subjects were tested individually during two separate laboratory sessions. During one session, subjects engaged in two cognitively demanding tasks for 2 hours. During the other session, subjects executed the verbal demands of the tasks for 2 hours, but cognitive demands were absent. During both sessions, blood pressure and heart rate were measured and arterialized blood samples were obtained for the measurement of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol. Subjects demonstrated significantly greater increases in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, epinephrine, and cortisol during the cognitively challenging session than during the control session. It is concluded that sustained elevations in cardiovascular and neuroendocrine measures can be achieved in the laboratory, and that the effects of such tasks cannot be attributed solely to the physical demands of speaking. Implications for the measurement of circulating catecholamines and cortisol during laboratory studies are discussed.

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“…Circulating NE is predominantly conjugated (17), taken up by platelets (18), and excreted by the kidney (19), as well as metabolized in the liver and other organs. The fact that plasma NE increases from artery to vein (20) suggests that there is a net release of NE into the general circulation along the vascular tree.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma l-[3H]norepinephrine, d-[14C]norepinephrine, and d,l-[3H]isoproterenol kinetics in essential hypertension.

Goldstein¹,

Horwitz²,

Keiser³

et al. 1983

J. Clin. Invest.

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A B S T R A C T We infused tracer-labeled 1-[3H]-norepinephrine, d-['4C]norepinephrine, and d,l-[3H]isoproterenol simultaneously into patients with essential hypertension and into normotensive control subjects, in order to determine whether abnormalities in the disappearance kinetics of these substances characterized the hypertensive patients. The mean preinfusion venous plasma norepinephrine concentration was somewhat higher in the hypertensive group (260 vs. 194 pg/ml, P = 0.06), but the groups did not differ in the disappearance kinetics of 1-or d-norepinephrine or of isoproterenol. Preinfusion plasma norepinephrine was significantly positively correlated with calculated spillover rates in both the hypertensive and normotensive groups, but not with norepinephrine clearances. The dli ratio in plasma norepinephrine was the same as in the infusate during and after the infusion, even after pretreatment with the neuronal norepinephrine uptake blocker, desipramine. Because isoproterenol is not taken up by nerve endings, the ratio of [3H]isoproterenol to l-[3H]norepinephrine increased after the infusion ended. This increase was almost completely abolished by pretreatment with desipramine. These results indicate that (a) increased plasma norepinephrine levels seen in some patients with essential hypertension result from increased sympathetic neural activity and not from decreased clearance of norepinephrine, (b) changes in the isoproterenol/norepinephrine ratio after simultaneous infusion of both provide an index of neuronal norepinephrine uptake in man, and (c) neuronal norepinephrine uptake is not stereospecific.

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Arterial-venous differences of plasma catecholamines in man

Cited by 64 publications

References 9 publications

Psychological Stress and Neuroendocrine Function in Humans: The Last Two Decades of Research

Psychological Stress and Neuroendocrine Function in Humans: The Last Two Decades of Research

Cardiovascular and neuroendocrine responses to extended laboratory challenge.

Plasma l-[3H]norepinephrine, d-[14C]norepinephrine, and d,l-[3H]isoproterenol kinetics in essential hypertension.

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