Arthrobotrys musiformis (Orbiliales) Kills Haemonchus contortus Infective Larvae (Trichostronylidae) through Its Predatory Activity and Its Fungal Culture Filtrates

Abstract

Haemonchus contortus (Hc) is a parasite affecting small ruminants worldwide. Arthrobotrys musiformis (Am) is a nematode-trapping fungi that captures, destroys and feeds on nematodes. This study assessed the predatory activity (PA) and nematocidal activity (NA) of liquid culture filtrates (LCF) of Am against Hc infective larvae (L3), and additionally, the mycochemical profile (MP) was performed. Fungal identification was achieved by traditional and molecular procedures. The PA of Am against HcL3 was performed in water agar plates. Means of non-predated larvae were recorded and compared with a control group without fungi. LCF/HcL3 interaction was performed using micro-tittering plates. Two media, Czapek–Dox broth (CDB) and sweet potato dextrose broth (SPDB) and three concentrations, were assessed. Lectures were performed after 48 h interaction. The means of alive and dead larvae were recorded and compared with proper negative controls. The PA assessment revealed 71.54% larval reduction (p < 0.01). The highest NA of LCF was found in CDB: 93.42, 73.02 and 51.61%, at 100, 50 and 25 mg/mL, respectively (p < 0.05). Alkaloids and saponins were identified in both media; meanwhile, coumarins were only identified in CDB. The NA was only found in CDB, but not in SPDB. Coumarins could be responsible for the NA.

Isolation of saprophytic filamentous fungi from avian fecal samples and assessment of its predatory activity on coccidian oocysts

“…Morphological analysis allowed to conclude that all isolates belong to the genus Mucor , with qualitative and quantitative results tracked for conidia, sporangia and hyphae being in accordance with published literature regarding this genus 40 , 41 . Also, molecular assessment based on rDNA ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 sequences led to the identification of two fungal species, Mucor circinelloides (FR1, FR2, FR3, SJ1, SJ2 and QP2) and Mucor lusitanicus (QP1), and thus proving that these target sequences are indeed suitable to be used in the molecular identification of predatory fungi, as demonstrated in other studies 34 , 42 – 45 .…”

Ammonia and Nematode Ascaroside Are Synergistic in Trap Formation in Arthrobotrys oligospora

“…The inducers used were ammonia (Am) (25% ammonia diluted 10 3 times), Acsr#18 (10 nM, artificial from MedChemExpress, State of New Jersey, USA), and the mixture of ammonia and Acsr#18. The condition of the A. oligospora trap production was observed and recorded according to the time gradient of 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h [ 39 ]. Each experiment was repeated 3 times.…”

Influence of a natural colorant powder from Syzygium Cumini L. (Skeels) on sensory and physicochemical properties during storage of a heat-treated flavored fermented milk

“…3 Interest in anthocyanin pigments in scientific research has increased in recent years due to the color they impart to products that contain them and their possible health benefits. 4 Therefore, besides their functional role, anthocyanins as natural pigments constitute potential agents for obtaining value-added products for human consumption. Anthocyanins are phenolic compounds from the flavonoid family, widely distributed in nature.…”