Arthropod-Borne Viral Infections

Sykes, Jane E.; Tipold, Andrea

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-50934-3.00041-0

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…One dog from the present study showed asymmetrical lesions affecting the thoracolumbar spinal cord segments which have been described in previous studies with dogs with TBE (Beckmann et al ., 2015; Kleeb et al ., 2021). On histopathological examination, both TBEV and LIV infections show neuronophagia and gliosis throughout the grey matter of the brainstem, cerebellum and ventral horn of the spinal cord (Horger et al ., 2012; Sykes & Tipold, 2023), described as non‐suppurative meningitis (Kaiser, 2008, Kaiser, 2012, Kleeb et al ., 2021, Pfeffer & Dobler, 2011, Riccardi et al ., 2019, Yoshii, 2019). Similar imaging characteristics have been found in humans infected with TBEV, but the cerebellum is frequently affected when compared to dogs (Horger et al ., 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suspected tick‐borne flavivirus meningoencephalomyelitis in dogs from the UK: six cases (2021)

Gonzalo‐Nadal,

Kohl,

Rocchi

et al. 2023

J of Small Animal Practice

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ObjectivesTick‐borne encephalitis virus and louping ill virus are neurotropic flaviviruses transmitted by ticks. Epidemiologically, tick‐borne encephalitis is endemic in Europe whereas louping ill's predominant geographical distribution is the UK. Rarely, these flaviviruses affect dogs causing neurological signs. This case series aimed to describe the clinical, clinicopathological, and imaging findings, as well as the outcomes in six dogs with meningoencephalitis and/or meningomyelitis caused by a flavivirus in the UK in 2021.Materials and MethodsObservational retrospective case‐series study. Clinical data were retrieved from medical records of dogs with positive serological or immunohistochemical results from three different institutions from spring to winter 2021.ResultsSix dogs were included in the study. All dogs presented an initial phase of pyrexia and/or lethargy followed by progressive signs of spinal cord and/or intracranial disease. Magnetic resonance imaging showed bilateral and symmetrical lesions affecting the grey matter of the thalamus, pons, medulla oblongata, and thoracic or lumbar intumescences with none or mild parenchymal and meningeal contrast enhancement. Serology for tick‐borne encephalitis virus was positive in five dogs with the presence of seroconversion in two dogs. The viral distinction between flaviviruses was not achieved. One dog with negative serology presented positive immunohistochemistry at post‐mortem examination. Three dogs survived but presented neurological sequelae. Three dogs were euthanased due to the rapid progression of the clinical signs or static neurological signs.Clinical SignificanceThese cases raise awareness of the presence of tick‐borne encephalitis as an emergent disease or the increased prevalence of louping ill virus affecting dogs in the UK.

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