Arthropod Vectors and Disease Transmission: Translational Aspects

Leitner, Wolfgang W.; Wali, Tonu; Kincaid, Randall L.; Denis, Adriana Costero-Saint

doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0004107

Cited by 35 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Other proposed roles for arthropod symbionts include their involvement in waste degradation and protection against biotic and abiotic stress factors (Douglas, 2015;Rio et al, 2016). Since several of those arthropods are responsible for transmitting pathogens into their vertebrate hosts through blood feeding, their metabolic interdependencies with their bacterial symbionts might provide crucial information for developing vector control strategies and eliminating vector-borne pathogens (Zindel et al, 2011;Leitner et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of closely related, uncultivated Coxiella tick endosymbiont population genomes reveals clues about the mechanisms of symbiosis

Tsementzi

Gordillo

Mahagna

et al. 2018

Environmental Microbiology

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Understanding the symbiotic interaction between Coxiella-like endosymbionts (CLE) and their tick hosts is challenging due to lack of isolates and difficulties in tick functional assays. Here we sequenced the metagenome of a CLE population from wild Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks (CRs) and compared it to the previously published genome of its close relative, CLE of R. turanicus (CRt). The tick hosts are closely related sympatric species, and their two endosymbiont genomes are highly similar with only minor differences in gene content. Both genomes encode numerous pseudogenes, consistent with an ongoing genome reduction process. In silico flux balance metabolic analysis (FBA) revealed the excess production of L-proline for both genomes, indicating a possible proline transport from Coxiella to the tick. Additionally, both CR genomes encode multiple copies of the proline/betaine transporter, proP gene. Modelling additional Coxiellaceae members including other tick CLE, did not identify proline as an excreted metabolite. Although both CRs and CRt genomes encode intact B vitamin synthesis pathway genes, which are presumed to underlay the mechanism of CLE-tick symbiosis, the FBA analysis indicated no changes for their products. Therefore, this study provides new testable hypotheses for the symbiosis mechanism and a better understanding of CLE genome evolution and diversity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of closely related, uncultivated Coxiella tick endosymbiont population genomes reveals clues about the mechanisms of symbiosis

Tsementzi

Gordillo

Mahagna

et al. 2018

Environmental Microbiology

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“…But, not all blood-sucking arthropods are vectors (transmitters) of disease agents [14]. Besides, vectors are not exclusive to any particular pathogen and can not only transmit more than one disease, but they can do so at the same time [11]. The ability and likelihood that a vector transmits a pathogen to a vertebrate host depends on a numerous of factors.…”

Section: Vectors and Transmission Of Infectious Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In tropical areas, although climate patterns, particularly temperature and rainfall trends, have direct effects on VBD transmission [22], the actual magnitude and spatial extent of VBDs within regions are also governed by several non-climatic factors including epidemiological, environmental, social, economic and demographic factors [19,23,24]. Human interventions on the environment through urbanization, deforestation, domestic and industrial use of chemical products, migration, modern agricultural systems, and increase in the emissions of greenhouse gases are known to also influence dynamics of VBDs [11]. Global warming offers better conditions for the development of some vectors by decreasing temperatures and reducing diurnal and nocturnal ranges [19].…”

Section: Vector-borne Diseases -Recent Developments In Epidemiology Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Vector-Borne Diseases in Central Africa: A Threat to Animal Production and Human Health

Tongue¹,

Ngapagna²

2020

Vector-Borne Diseases - Recent Developments in Epidemiology and Control

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Although the potential for livestock production is high in Central Africa, it is not an important economic activity because of disease constraints, primarily trypanosomiasis transmitted by tsetse flies. Recently, a growing number of vector-borne diseases have also emerged in that region. Indeed, there is a progressive expansion of trypanosomiasis in known tsetse-free areas in the Far North of Cameroon, mechanically transmitted by Tabanidae. In the beginning of year 2019, there was an epidemic of African horse sickness (AHS) in Cameroon for the first time. In the meantime, AHS was also declared in Chad and reported in Nigeria. Besides, new cases of Rift Valley fever (RVF) are regularly detected in both Cameroon and Chad. The relative significance of most vector-borne diseases (VBDs) in livestock is difficult to quantify, because there is no study on their socioeconomic impact. But, certain VBDs have significant impact on food production, and others such as RVF can be transmitted to humans. Impact of VBDs on human health, animal health and trade, as well as the transboundary nature of these diseases means there is a need for regional coordination and cooperation to address challenges. This can be successfully achieved with One Health approach.

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“…2 ). To specify, most current TBV candidates focus on specific arthropod proteins while several others target pathogen antigens [ 64 ]. For instance, potential TBVs against DENV and WNV infections are designed using mosquito proteins required for viral infection of the mosquito vector [ 65 , 66 ].…”

Section: Potential Tbv Impact On Arboviral Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The blockage of arthropod proteins by the antibodies elicited against them through vaccines may have an impact not only on the lifespan of the arthropod vector but also on the transmission of most, if not all, microorganisms they carry [ 111 , 112 ]. These are vector-derived molecules involved in food digestion or feeding capacity [ 64 ]. Following, we present a list of candidates developed with the purpose of decreasing vector-host contact or halting midgut infection and salivary gland invasion.…”

Section: Tbvs With the Potential For Targeting Multiple Diseases Tranmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arbovirosis and potential transmission blocking vaccines

2016

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Infectious diseases caused by arboviruses (viruses transmitted by arthropods) are undergoing unprecedented epidemic activity and geographic expansion. With the recent introduction of West Nile virus (1999), chikungunya virus (2013) and Zika virus (2015) to the Americas, stopping or even preventing the expansion of viruses into susceptible populations is an increasing concern. With a few exceptions, available vaccines protecting against arboviral infections are nonexistent and current disease prevention relies on vector control interventions. However, due to the emergence of and rapidly spreading insecticide resistance, different disease control methods are needed. A feasible method of reducing emerging tropical diseases is the implementation of vaccines that prevent or decrease viral infection in the vector. These vaccines are designated ‘transmission blocking vaccines’, or TBVs. Here, we summarize previous TBV work, discuss current research on arboviral TBVs and present several promising TBV candidates.

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Arthropod Vectors and Disease Transmission: Translational Aspects

Cited by 35 publications

References 32 publications

Comparison of closely related, uncultivated Coxiella tick endosymbiont population genomes reveals clues about the mechanisms of symbiosis

Comparison of closely related, uncultivated Coxiella tick endosymbiont population genomes reveals clues about the mechanisms of symbiosis

Emerging Vector-Borne Diseases in Central Africa: A Threat to Animal Production and Human Health

Arbovirosis and potential transmission blocking vaccines

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