“…All selected studies were identified using the literature search strategy, as the review of reference sections did not identify additional articles for inclusion. Overall, 8 studies 5 , 9 , 12 , 18 , 21 , 22 , 24 , 31 examined prone patients with 2 posterior portals (n = 111; 22.9%), 7 articles 4 , 11 , 13 , 16 , 27 , 30 , 35 evaluated lateral portals in the supine or lateral position (n = 182; 37.6%), and 5 studies 2 , 3 , 6 , 26 , 34 examined patients in the prone position with 3 portals (n = 191; 39.5%). The mean MCMS of included studies was found to be 38.4 (range, 10-63) ( Table 1 ).…”