Article Structures: Moving from Printed to e-Dictionaries

Abstract

Abstract:By means of an overview of certain aspects of article structures in printed dictionaries and with reference to some examples from e-dictionaries a number of features of article structures in e-dictionaries are discussed. Reference is made to the positioning of articles in article stretches and functional partial article stretches. Different structural components of articles, i.e. text segments, comments and search zones are distinguished. The increased role of data-identifying entries as a type of non-typographical structural indicator in e-dictionaries receives attention as well as the fact that the traditional division of an article in two comments, typically a comment on form and a comment on semantics, cannot merely be maintained. The value of the cohesion resulting from the use of comments in printed dictionaries is much more restricted in e-dictionaries. The use of search zones and rapid access to these zones have a much more important role in the article structure of edictionaries. In the planning of e-dictionaries provision needs to be made for a multi-layered article structure with screenshots that display the data in a variety of search zones. Access to these search zones goes via structural indicators in an opening or further screenshot. Provision needs to be made for one lemma to occur in a comprehensive article but also in a number of restricted articles that can be retrieved from the same database. Users should also have the opportunity to design their own user profile that will allow them to consult dictionary articles structured according to their specific needs. Keywords: ARTICLE STRUCTURE, COMMENT, COMPREHENSIVE ARTICLE, DATA-IDENTIFYING ENTRY, e-DICTIONARIES, ITEM, MULTI-LAYERED ARTICLES, NON-TYPO-GRAPHICAL STRUCTURAL INDICATOR, PARTIAL ARTICLE STRETCH, RESTRICTED ARTI-CLES, SCREENSHOT, SEARCH ZONE, TEXT SEGMENTS, USER PROFILEOpsomming: Artikelstrukture: vanaf gedrukte na e-woordeboeke. Aan die hand van 'n oorsig oor bepaalde aspekte van artikelstrukture in gedrukte woordeboeke en met verwysing na 'n aantal voorbeelde uit e-woordeboeke word sekere kenmerke van artikelstrukture in e-woordeboeke bespreek. Daar word gekyk na die plasing van artikels in artikeltrajekte asook in funksionele artikeldeeltrajekte. Verskillende struktuurkomponente van artikels, te wete tekssegmente, kommentare en soeksones word onderskei. Die groter rol van data-identifiserende inskrywings as tipe nietipografiese struktuurmerker in e-woordeboeke kry aandag asook die feit dat die tradisionele verdeling in twee kommentare, tipies 'n vormkommentaar en 'n semantiese kommentaar, nie *

Op pad na 'n omvattende woordeboekkultuur in die digitale era

“…Vergelyk in hierdie verband onder meer Klosa (2009), Müller-Spitzer (2013, Gouws (2014;2014a;, Caruso (2015), Giacomini (2015), Klosa en Gouws (2015) en Müller-Spitzer en Wolfer (2015). In hierdie navorsing oor woordeboekstrukture vir aanlyn woordeboeke is dit veral aanpassings met betrekking tot die dataverspreidingstruktuur, raamstruktuur, skermskootstruktuur, makrostruktuur, mikrostruktuur, artikelstruktuur en adresseringstruktuur wat ter sprake gebring is.…”

“…In die aanpassing van die teorie oor woordeboekstrukture het 'n fokus op die artikel-en skermskootstruktuur, vergelyk Gouws (2014), gewys op die waarde van 'n veelvlakkige artikelstruktuur waarvan al die data nie in 'n enkele skermskootstruktuur aangebied word nie. Vergelyk ook Du Plessis (2015).…”

Establishing evaluation criteria for e-dictionaries

“…Unfortunately, though there is technology available to create better dictionaries, the dictionaries that are developed do not necessarily make use of the options available to improve dictionaries (see for example, Gouws, 2014a;Tarp, 2011). Furthermore, if not designed carefully, e-dictionaries can confuse and overwhelm users (Verlinde & Peeters, 2012: 148).…”

Multimodal Exemplification:The Expansion of Meaning in Electronic Dictionaries

“…According to Gouws (2014), many lexicographic e-products were developed without any influence from innovative theoretical suggestions, and as a result current e-dictionaries often do not live up to the expectations of their users. It is necessary to devise theoretical models for e-dictionaries that focus on critical areas like the data to be included in these dictionaries, the structures to present and accommodate the data, and the way they should respond to the needs of their target users (Gouws 2014).…”

“…It is necessary to devise theoretical models for e-dictionaries that focus on critical areas like the data to be included in these dictionaries, the structures to present and accommodate the data, and the way they should respond to the needs of their target users (Gouws 2014). E-dictionaries should be characterized by customized presentations of lexicographical data, and the display of data must be redefined (cf.…”