Articular cartilage and meniscus reveal higher friction in swing phase than in stance phase under dynamic gait conditions

Warnecke, Daniela; Meßemer, Maxi; Roy, Luisa de; Stein, Susanne; Gentilini, Cristina; Walker, Robert; Skaer, Nick; Ignatius, Anita; Dürselen, Lutz

doi:10.1038/s41598-019-42254-2

Cited by 25 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The hard contact approach was used to model interaction between external surfaces of the articular cartilage and menisci. A friction with the very low friction coefficient of 0.02 was assumed between the contacting surfaces based on a previous study ( Warnecke et al, 2019 ). Moreover, an automatic stabilization factor of 0.2 was used to improve the convergence of computations in the initial step.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanics of the medial meniscus in the osteoarthritic knee joint

Daszkiewicz

Łuczkiewicz

2021

PeerJ

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Background Increased mechanical loading and pathological response of joint tissue to the abnormal mechanical stress can cause degradation of cartilage characteristic of knee osteoarthritis (OA). Despite osteoarthritis is risk factor for the development of meniscal lesions the mechanism of degenerative meniscal lesions is still unclear. Therefore, the aim of the study is to investigate the influence of medial compartment knee OA on the stress state and deformation of the medial meniscus. Methods The finite element method was used to simulate the stance phase of the gait cycle. An intact knee model was prepared based on magnetic resonance scans of the left knee joint of a healthy volunteer. Degenerative changes in the medial knee OA model were simulated by nonuniform reduction in articular cartilage thickness in specific areas and by a decrease in the material parameters of cartilage and menisci. Two additional models were created to separately evaluate the effect of alterations in articular cartilage geometry and material parameters of the soft tissues on the results. A nonlinear dynamic analysis was performed for standardized knee loads applied to the tibia bone. Results The maximum von Mises stress of 26.8 MPa was observed in the posterior part of the medial meniscus body in the OA model. The maximal hoop stress for the first peak of total force was 83% greater in the posterior horn and only 11% greater in the anterior horn of the medial meniscus in the OA model than in the intact model. The reduction in cartilage thickness caused an increase of 57% in medial translation of the medial meniscus body. A decrease in the compressive modulus of menisci resulted in a 2.5-fold greater reduction in the meniscal body width compared to the intact model. Conclusions Higher hoop stress levels on the inner edge of the posterior part of the medial meniscus in the OA model than in the intact model are associated with a greater medial translation of the meniscus body and a greater reduction in its width. The considerable increase in hoop stresses shows that medial knee OA may contribute to the initiation of meniscal radial tears.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanics of the medial meniscus in the osteoarthritic knee joint

Daszkiewicz

Łuczkiewicz

2021

PeerJ

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“…A mass dependency was also apparent in our study, because whole joint friction was higher under swing phase conditions than under stance phase conditions. This was already observed in several tribological studies of cartilage and meniscus tissue (Majd et al, 2017;Warnecke et al, 2019). Warnecke et al investigated the tribological behavior of isolated tissue samples in a pin-onplate test setup.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…Warnecke et al investigated the tribological behavior of isolated tissue samples in a pin-onplate test setup. They found higher friction coefficients in a test scenario adapted to swing phase conditions compared to stance phase conditions (Warnecke et al, 2019). Regarding pendulum test setups, Akelman et al investigated how pendulum mass affects the measurement of whole joint friction in guinea pigs using the mathematical evaluations of Stanton and Crisco et al (Akelman et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Transferring this technical definition to the clinical situation, it can be hypothesized that cartilage wear depends on the friction properties of the articulating surfaces in the knee joint. Numerous studies have investigated the friction properties of cartilage and meniscal tissue using different testing methods (Mccann et al, 2009;Akelman et al, 2013;Lakin et al, 2017;Warnecke et al, 2019). While pin-on-plate or pin-on-disc friction setups offer a simple method to analyze the in vitro tribological behavior of isolated tissue samples, pendulum testing devices are used to evaluate the tribology of whole synovial joints while maintaining joint conditions and interactions between tissues as seen during natural joint movements (Crisco et al, 2007;Drewniak et al, 2009;Elmorsy et al, 2014;Lakin et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tribological studies proved that the menisci and AC in combination with the synovial fluid containing lubricative components play an essential role in sustaining low friction in synovial joints (Neu et al, 2008;Mccann et al, 2009;Majd et al, 2017;Warnecke et al, 2019). Moreover, it is well established that friction depends on the magnitude of the applied normal force and sliding velocity (Gleghorn and Bonassar, 2008;Warnecke et al, 2019). Consequently, the lubrication mechanisms between the articulating surfaces vary with changing loading conditions during walking (Neu et al, 2008;Murakami et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Meniscus Injury and its Surgical Treatment Does not Increase Initial Whole Knee Joint Friction

Roy

Warnecke

Hacker

et al. 2021

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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While it is generally accepted that traumatic meniscus pathologies lead to degenerative articular cartilage changes in the mid-to long-term and consecutively to post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA), very little is known about how such injuries initiate tribological changes within the knee and their possible impact on PTOA acceleration. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of three different medial meniscus states (intact, posterior root tear, total meniscectomy) on the initial whole knee joint friction. Six ovine knee joints were tested in a passive pendulum friction testing device under an axial load of 250 N and an initial deflection of 12°, representing swing phase conditions, and under an axial load of 1000 N and an initial deflection of 5°, simulating stance phase conditions. To additionally consider the influence of the time-dependent viscoelastic nature of the knee joint soft tissues on whole joint friction, the tests were performed twice, directly following load application and after 20 min creep loading of either 250 N or 1000 N axial load. On the basis of a three-dimensional joint kinematic analysis, the energy loss during the passive joint motion was analyzed, which allowed considerations on frictional and damping processes within the joint. The so-called “whole knee joint” friction was evaluated using the boundary friction model from Stanton and a viscous friction model from Crisco et al., both analyzing the passive joint flexion-extension motion in the sagittal plane. Significantly lower friction coefficients were observed in the simulated swing phase after meniscectomy (p < 0.05) compared to the intact state. No initial whole joint friction differences between the three meniscus states (p > 0.05) were found under stance phase conditions. Soft tissue creeping significantly increased all the determined friction coefficients (p < 0.05) after resting under load for 20 min. The exponential decay function of the viscous friction model provided a better fit (R2∼0.99) to the decaying flexion-extension data than the linear decay function of the boundary friction model (R2∼0.60). In conclusion, this tribological in vitro study on ovine knee joints indicated that neither a simulated posterior medial meniscus root tear nor the removal of the medial meniscus resulted in an initially increased whole joint friction.

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Ultrastrong Poly(2‐Oxazoline)/Poly(Acrylic Acid) Double‐Network Hydrogels with Cartilage‐Like Mechanical Properties

Benitez‐Duif

Breisch

Kurka

et al. 2022

Adv Funct Materials

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The exceptional stiffness and toughness of double-network hydrogels (DNHs) offer the possibility to mimic even complex biomaterials, such as cartilage. The latter has a limited regenerative capacity and thus needs to be substituted with an artificial material. DNHs composed of cross-linked poly(2oxazoline)s (POx) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) are synthesized by free radical polymerization in a two-step process. The resulting DNHs are stabilized by hydrogen bridges even at pH 7.4 (physiological PBS buffer) due to the pK ashifting effect of POx on PAA. DNHs based on poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline), which have a water content (WC) of around 66 wt% and are not cytotoxic, show biomechanical properties that match those of cartilage in terms of WC, stiffness, toughness, coefficient of friction, compression in body relevant stress conditions and viscoelastic behavior. This material also has high strength in PBS pH 7.4 and in egg white as synovial liquid substitute. In particular, a compression strength of up to 60 MPa makes this material superior.

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Articular cartilage and meniscus reveal higher friction in swing phase than in stance phase under dynamic gait conditions

Cited by 25 publications

References 41 publications

Biomechanics of the medial meniscus in the osteoarthritic knee joint

Biomechanics of the medial meniscus in the osteoarthritic knee joint

Meniscus Injury and its Surgical Treatment Does not Increase Initial Whole Knee Joint Friction

Ultrastrong Poly(2‐Oxazoline)/Poly(Acrylic Acid) Double‐Network Hydrogels with Cartilage‐Like Mechanical Properties

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