Articular cartilage canals — a new pathogenetic mechanism in infectious arthritis

R, Denecke; Trautwein, G.

doi:10.1007/bf01940704

Cited by 8 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…In farm animals the submicroscopic characteristics of this specialized tissue have received less attention (Horky 1983;1986;1988;1989 ab). The articular cartilage in swine under physiological conditions has been dealt with by Nakano (1979Nakano ( a, 1982, Wilsman et al (1981), Bhatnagar (1981), Kincaid (1982); Some results have been published on the blood supply of the skeletal blastema and articular cartilage under physiological conditions and in relation to degenerative processes (Lavene 1964;Lufti 1970;Denecke and Trautwein 1986). Some biochemical studies were made by Simunek and Muir (1972).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Submicroscopic Structure of Articular Cartilage in Swine in the Early Postnatal Period

Horký¹

1991

Acta Vet. Brno

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The study was concerned with articular cartilage of the femoral heads in 4 pigs of both sexes at 2 days after birth. The tissue specimens were observed by light microscopy and by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The surface layer of the cartilage was made up of spindle-shaped chondrocytes arranged in two rows. The chondrocytes sent out long projections into the surrounding intercellular matter in which pericellular and intercellular matrix were distinguished. The Golgi apparatus was well developed and cytoplasmic inclusions were distinct and numerous. Chondrocytes of the middle layer were oval in shape and measured 9 by 6 pm. They contained large amounts of cytoplasm with the Golgi apparatus distributed into several fields; they were rich in mitochondria, granular endoplasmic reticulum, glycogen and lipid droplets. This layer showed the presence of regular cilia and occasional passage of collagen protofibrils through the cell membrane. A clear distinction between pericellular and intercellular matrix was apparent. The zone between the middle and the deep layers showed transitional type chondrocytes. Cells of the deep layer were made into columns situated perpendicular to the surface; they did not differ from the chondrocytes of the corresponding layer in adult animals. "The cartilage surface at 2 days of age was coated with a chondrosynovial membrane. Below this, about 1 pm deep, collagen fibrils running perpendicular to each other produced a solid surface layer capable of resisting to pressure and facilitating movement of the joint.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Submicroscopic Structure of Articular Cartilage in Swine in the Early Postnatal Period

Horký¹

1991

Acta Vet. Brno

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“…The blood supply to growth cartilage has also been implicated in acquired orthopaedic infections in children, piglets and chicks (Trueta, ; Speers & Nade, ; Denecke & Trautwein, ; Denecke et al. ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…). Bacteria were injected into the joints of piglets (Denecke & Trautwein, ; Denecke et al. ) and circulation of chicks (Emslie & Nade, ; Speers & Nade, ; Alderson et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Discontinuities in the endothelium of epiphyseal cartilage canals and relevance to joint disease in foals

et al. 2015

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Cartilage canals have been shown to contain discontinuous blood vessels that enable circulating bacteria to bind to cartilage matrix, leading to vascular occlusion and associated pathological changes in pigs and chickens. It is also inconsistently reported that cartilage canals are surrounded by a cellular or acellular wall that may influence whether bacterial binding can occur. It is not known whether equine cartilage canals contain discontinuous endothelium or are surrounded by a wall. This study aimed to examine whether there were discontinuities in the endothelium of cartilage canal vessels, and whether canals had a cellular or acellular wall, in the epiphyseal growth cartilage of foals. Epiphyseal growth cartilage from the proximal third of the medial trochlear ridge of the distal femur from six healthy foals that were 1, 24, 35, 47, 118 and 122 days old and of different breeds and sexes was examined by light microscopy (LM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and immunohistochemistry. The majority of patent cartilage canals contained blood vessels that were lined by a thin layer of continuous endothelium. Fenestrations were found in two locations in one venule in a patent cartilage canal located deep in the growth cartilage and close to the ossification front in the 118‐day‐old foal. Chondrifying cartilage canals in all TEM‐examined foals contained degenerated endothelial cells that were detached from the basement membrane, resulting in gap formation. Thirty‐three percent of all canals were surrounded by a hypercellular rim that was interpreted as contribution of chondrocytes to growth cartilage. On LM, 69% of all cartilage canals were surrounded by a ring of matrix that stained intensely eosinophilic and consisted of collagen fibres on TEM that were confirmed to be collagen type I by immunohistochemistry. In summary, two types of discontinuity were observed in the endothelium of equine epiphyseal cartilage canal vessels: fenestrations were observed in a patent cartilage canal in the 118‐day‐old foal; and gaps were observed in chondrifying cartilage canals in all TEM‐examined foals. Canals were not surrounded by any cellular wall, but a large proportion was surrounded by an acellular wall consisting of collagen type I. Bacterial binding can therefore probably occur in horses by mechanisms that are similar to those previously demonstrated in pigs and chickens.

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“…The ultrastructure of porcine articular cartilage in physiologic conditions has been studied by Nakano et al (1979aNakano et al ( , 1982, Wilsman et al (1981) and Bhatnagar et al (1981). Even before there were studies on the blood supply to the skeletal blastema and articular cartilage related to degenerative processes (Levene 1964;L ufti 1970;Denecke and Trautwein 1986;Burch and Lebowitz 1982;Farnum et al 1984) and on the effect of nutrition, sex and hormones on the occurrence of cartilage lesions (Nakano et al 1979b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Submicroscopic Structure of Articular Cartilage in the Adult pig

Horký¹

1993

Acta Vet. Brno

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Horky D.: The Submicroscopic StrUCture of Articular Cartilage in the Adult Pig. Acta vet. Bmo, 62,1993: 9-18. Articular cartilage collected from the femoral heads of 5 adult pigs of both sexes,_ aged 14-24 months, was studied by light microscopy and transmission and scanning electron microscopy.. . Chondrocytes of the surface layer were oval in shape and sent out short projections into the surrounding pericellular matrix. Their cytoplasm contained numerous lysosomes, transport vacuoles, centrioles and a well·formed Golgi apparatus and small deposits of glycogen. They were arranged in rows or tiers.Chondrocytes of the middle layer were oval cells enclosed by pairs in lacunae. Their nuclei had 1-2 nucleoli of reticular type. The zonula nucleum limitans was well developed. The cytoplasm contained a large number of mitochondria, cisternae of the granular endoplasmic reticulum, a large Golgi field, numerous transport vacuoles, lysosomes and conspicuous glycogen deposits.In the transitional zone, chondrocytes were arranged in tiers perpendicular to the surface. They were smaller in size and the cytoplasm contained, apart from the typical organelles, large bundles of intermediate filaments. Chondrocytes of the deep layer could be distinguished into those characterized by conspicuously large lipid vacuoles and those with homogeneous cytoplasm and small glycogen deposits.The pericellular matrix was well developed in the majority of chondrocytes; in the regions where it was missing the cell membrane was in contact with the intercellular matrix. In the middle layer, cell detritus was seen at the border between pericellular and intercellular matrix Submicroscopic structure, articular cartilage, adult swine Articular cartilage is an avascular, alymphatic and aneural tissue lining the articular bonesurface. Like other connective tissues it consists of cells -chondrocytes -deposited in an abun-· dance of the intercellular matrix. The chondrocytes account for only 0.01-0.1 % of the total cartilage volume. The intercellular matrix is made up of collagenous fibres, proteoglycans, and. organic and inorganic components. A proper function of the articular cartilage depends on its mechanical properties permitting it to a) transfer and distribute high pressure forces upon the subchondral bone; b) maintain the constant load at a relatively low level; c) facilitate movementat minimal friction (Wright

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Articular cartilage canals — a new pathogenetic mechanism in infectious arthritis

Cited by 8 publications

References 2 publications

The Submicroscopic Structure of Articular Cartilage in Swine in the Early Postnatal Period

The Submicroscopic Structure of Articular Cartilage in Swine in the Early Postnatal Period

Discontinuities in the endothelium of epiphyseal cartilage canals and relevance to joint disease in foals

The Submicroscopic Structure of Articular Cartilage in the Adult pig

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