Articular Cartilage Regeneration with Stem Cells

Saw, Khay-Yong; Anz, Adam W.; Stabile, Kathryne J.; Jee, Caroline Sy; Merican, Shahrin; Tay, Yong-Guan; Ragavanaidu, Kunaseegaran

doi:10.5772/26911

Cited by 3 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(60 reference statements)

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“…A second limitation is the small sample size. Because the technique is an evolving cartilage repair technology, 20,21,29,49,62 we found it difficult to recruit patients for biopsy, outside of patients presenting with hardware needing removal. Because the case series was obtained from opportunistic biopsies performed at different time points during metalwork removal, it was difficult to correlate the histologic findings with the functional clinical scores.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We theorize that HA enhances the matrix substance and continuous passive motion aids joint movement and provides chemical and cellular signals for chondrogenesis. 21,29,49 Early partial to full weight bearing is essential for remodeling and aligning the collagen fibrils along the axis of weight transmission. 20 This study differs from previous studies in its use of the ICRS II grading system to evaluate cartilage repair tissue with normal cartilage for comparison.…”

Section: High Tibial Osteotomy and Chondrogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The details of the surgical procedure have previously been published. 20,29 Concomitant openwedge HTO was performed after the arthroscopic procedure, and an appropriate sized synthetic cancellous bone graft (chronOS; DePuy Synthes, Warsaw, IN) was inserted into the HTO site after Tomofix fixation with a medial high tibial plate (DePuy Synthes).…”

Section: Surgical Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

High Tibial Osteotomy in Combination With Chondrogenesis After Stem Cell Therapy: A Histologic Report of 8 Cases

Saw

Anz

Jee

et al. 2015

Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery

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Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: High Tibial Osteotomy and Chondrogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Surgical Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High Tibial Osteotomy in Combination With Chondrogenesis After Stem Cell Therapy: A Histologic Report of 8 Cases

Saw

Anz

Jee

et al. 2015

Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery

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“…All reference lists of the 17 included studies were investigated, and an additional human trial (Jancewicz et al, 2004) was identified and included in this review. Finally, data from the 18 studies [8 human studies (Jancewicz et al, 2004;Saw et al, 2011;Skowroński et al, 2012;Saw et al, 2013;Skowroński and Rutka, 2013;Turajane et al, 2013;Fu et al, 2014a;Saw et al, 2015) and 10 animal studies (Spaas et al, 2012;Broeckx et al, 2014a;Broeckx et al, 2014b;Fu et al, 2014a;Deng et al, 2015;Hopper et al, 2015b;Zhao et al, 2018;Daems et al, 2019;Broeckx et al, 2019a;Broeckx et al, 2019b) published by investigators from seven countries or regions] were analyzed.…”

Section: Description Of the Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Articular cartilage covering the surface of joints plays a very important role in bearing loads, absorbing mechanical shocks, and enabling synovial joints to articulate with low friction (Chen et al, 2017). Acute trauma, repetitive joint use, and degenerative joint disease may lead to cartilage and osteochondral injuries (Saw et al, 2011;Fu et al, 2014a). Articular cartilage has a very limited regenerative and self-healing potential due to its avascular, aneural, and alymphatic characteristics and a low number of progenitor cells (Redondo et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Peripheral Blood-Derived Stem Cells for Cartilage Repair and Regeneration In Vivo: A Review

et al. 2020

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Background: Peripheral blood (PB) is a potential source of chondrogenic progenitor cells that can be used for cartilage repair and regeneration. However, the cell types, isolation and implantation methods, seeding dosage, ultimate therapeutic effect, and in vivo safety remain unclear. Methods: PubMed, Embase, and the Web of Science databases were systematically searched for relevant reports published from January 1990 to December 2019. Original articles that used PB as a source of stem cells to repair cartilage in vivo were selected for analysis. Results: A total of 18 studies were included. Eight human studies used autologous nonculture-expanded PB-derived stem cells (PBSCs) as seed cells with the blood cell separation isolation method, and 10 animal studies used autologous, allogenic or xenogeneic culture-expanded PB-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PB-MSCs), or nonculture-expanded PBSCs as seed cells. Four human and three animal studies surgically implanted cells, while the remaining studies implanted cells by single or repeated intra-articular injections. 121 of 130 patients (in 8 human clinical studies), and 230 of 278 animals (in 6 veterinary clinical studies) using PBSCs for cartilage repair achieved significant clinical improvement. All reviewed articles indicated that using PB as a source of seed cells enhances cartilage repair in vivo without serious adverse events. Conclusion: Autologous nonculture-expanded PBSCs are currently the most commonly used cells among all stem cell types derived from PB. Allogeneic, autologous, and xenogeneic PB-MSCs are more widely used in animal studies and are potential seed cell types for future applications. Improving the mobilization and purification technology, and shortening the culture cycle of culture-expanded PB-MSCs will obviously promote the researchers' interest. The use of PBSCs for cartilage repair and regeneration in vivo are safe. PBSCs considerably warrant further investigations due to their superiority and safety in clinical settings and positive effects despite limited evidence in humans.

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Reconstruction of Hyaline Cartilage Deep Layer Properties in 3-Dimensional Cultures of Human Articular Chondrocytes

Nanduri

Tattikota

Raj

et al. 2014

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine

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Background:Articular cartilage (AC) injuries and malformations are commonly noticed because of trauma or age-related degeneration. Many methods have been adopted for replacing or repairing the damaged tissue. Currently available AC repair methods, in several cases, fail to yield good-quality long-lasting results, perhaps because the reconstructed tissue lacks the cellular and matrix properties seen in hyaline cartilage (HC).Purpose:To reconstruct HC tissue from 2-dimensional (2D) and 3-dimensional (3D) cultures of AC-derived human chondrocytes that would specifically exhibit the cellular and biochemical properties of the deep layer of HC.Study Design:Descriptive laboratory study.Methods:Two-dimensional cultures of human AC–derived chondrocytes were established in classical medium (CM) and newly defined medium (NDM) and maintained for a period of 6 weeks. These cells were suspended in 2 mm–thick collagen I gels, placed in 24-well culture inserts, and further cultured up to 30 days. Properties of chondrocytes, grown in 2D cultures and the reconstructed 3D cartilage tissue, were studied by optical and scanning electron microscopic techniques, immunohistochemistry, and cartilage-specific gene expression profiling by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and were compared with those of the deep layer of native human AC.Results:Two-dimensional chondrocyte cultures grown in NDM, in comparison with those grown in CM, showed more chondrocyte-specific gene activity and matrix properties. The NDM-grown chondrocytes in 3D cultures also showed better reproduction of deep layer properties of HC, as confirmed by microscopic and gene expression analysis. The method used in this study can yield cartilage tissue up to approximately 1.6 cm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness that satisfies the very low cell density and matrix composition properties present in the deep layer of normal HC.Conclusion:This study presents a novel and reproducible method for long-term culture of AC-derived chondrocytes and reconstruction of cartilage tissue with properties similar to the deep layer of HC in vitro.Clinical Relevance:The HC tissue obtained by the method described can be used to develop an implantable product for the replacement of damaged or malformed AC, especially in younger patients where the lesions are caused by trauma or mechanical stress.

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Articular Cartilage Regeneration with Stem Cells

Cited by 3 publications

References 57 publications

High Tibial Osteotomy in Combination With Chondrogenesis After Stem Cell Therapy: A Histologic Report of 8 Cases

High Tibial Osteotomy in Combination With Chondrogenesis After Stem Cell Therapy: A Histologic Report of 8 Cases

The Use of Peripheral Blood-Derived Stem Cells for Cartilage Repair and Regeneration In Vivo: A Review

Reconstruction of Hyaline Cartilage Deep Layer Properties in 3-Dimensional Cultures of Human Articular Chondrocytes

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