Artifact correction and source analysis of early electroencephalographic responses evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation over primary motor cortex

Komssi, Soile; Scherg, Michael; Claßen, Joseph; Zaaroor, Menashe; Pratt, Hillel; Kähkönen, Seppo

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.05.015

Cited by 117 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…To correct for multiple comparisons (i.e., electrodes, time points within TOIs), a cluster-based permutation analysis (Maris and Oostenveld, 2007) was conducted as implemented in FieldTrip (http://fieldtrip.fcdonders.nl/; Litvak et al, 2007;Premoli et al, 2014a;Premoli et al, 2014b). A paired t test was applied to compare the postdrug versus baseline data within the same drug condition or postdrug data between different drug conditions for each electrode at each data point within the five different TOIs.…”

Section: Data Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the Selective α5-GABAAR Antagonist S44819 on Excitability in the Human Brain: A TMS–EMG and TMS–EEG Phase I Study

et al. 2016

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Alpha-5 gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors (␣5-GABAARs) are located extrasynaptically, regulate neuronal excitability through tonic inhibition, and are fundamentally important for processes such as plasticity and learning. For example, pharmacological blockade of ␣5-GABAAR in mice with ischemic stroke improved recovery of function by normalizing exaggerated perilesional ␣5-GABAARdependent tonic inhibition. S44819 is a novel competitive selective antagonist of the ␣5-GABAAR at the GABA-binding site. Pharmacological modulation of ␣5-GABAAR-mediated tonic inhibition has never been investigated in the human brain. Here, we used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to test the effects of a single oral dose of 50 and 100 mg of S44819 on electromyographic (EMG) and electroencephalographic (EEG) measures of cortical excitability in 18 healthy young adults in a randomized, double-blinded, placebocontrolled, crossover phase I study. A dose of 100 mg, but not 50 mg, of S44819 decreased active motor threshold, the intensity needed to produce a motor evoked potential of 0.5 mV, and the amplitude of the N45, a GABAAergic component of the TMS-evoked EEG response. The peak serum concentration of 100 mg S44819 correlated directly with the decrease in N45 amplitude. Short-interval intracortical inhibition, a TMS-EMG measure of synaptic GABAAergic inhibition, and other components of the TMS-evoked EEG response remained unaffected. These findings provide first time evidence that the specific ␣5-GABAAR antagonist S44819 reached human cortex to impose an increase in cortical excitability. These data warrant further development of S44819 in a human clinical trial to test its efficacy in enhancing recovery of function after ischemic stroke.

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Section: Data Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the Selective α5-GABAAR Antagonist S44819 on Excitability in the Human Brain: A TMS–EMG and TMS–EEG Phase I Study

et al. 2016

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“…In recent years, the development of new technologies and solutions has gradually led to an improvement of the temporal resolution of EEG recording during TMS. Such strategies can be divided in two types: on-line strategies, which consists of the creation of technologies that are able to avoid saturating the EEG amplifiers during TMS (e.g., [42]) and off-line strategies, which aim to remove artefacts once the coregistration is completed (e.g., [44,68]). …”

Section: Technical Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These procedures are more common in technical studies, often performed by biomedical and computer engineering equipment (e.g., [68,71]). Morbidi and colleagues, for example, proposed an off-line Kalman filter as a new effective and low-cost strategy for artefact reduction [71].…”

Section: Technical Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors compared the dynamic Kalman filter with stationary filters such as the Wiener filter, concluding that the first one guarantees a more efficient deletion of TMS-induced artefacts while preserving the integrity of EEG signals around TMS pulses. Another example of artefact correction via software was performed by Litvak group [68]. The authors used a method developed by Berg and Scherg [73], originally applied for ocular artefact correction, based on a multiple-source approach.…”

Section: Technical Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Neuroimaging Coregistration

Casula¹,

Tarantino²,

Basso³

et al. 2013

Novel Frontiers of Advanced Neuroimaging

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The development of neuroimaging techniques is one of the most impressive advancements in neuroscience. The main reason for the widespread use of these instruments lies in their capacity to provide an accurate description of neural activity during a cognitive process or during rest. This important advancement is related to the possibility to selectively detect changes of neuronal activity in space and time by means of different biological markers. Specifically, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and nearinfrared spectroscopy (NIRS) use metabolic markers of ongoing neuronal activity to provide an accurate description of the activation of specific brain areas with high spatial resolution. Similarly, electroencephalography (EEG) is able to detect electric markers of neuronal activity, providing an accurate description of brain activation with high temporal resolution. The application of these techniques during a cognitive task allows important inferences regarding the relation between the detected neural activity, the cognitive process involved in an ongoing task, and behaviour: this is known as a “correlational approach”

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“…However, this requires methods for removal of artifacts generated by the magnetic stimulation on the EEG signal. Very few offline mathematical solutions for TMS artifact removal have been proposed 16,21,22 , although no method is agreed upon, and no one method may be optimal for all experimental designs. A "clipping" system, consisting of a sample-and-hold circuitry, was also developed to momentarily stop EEG acquisition during TMS pulse delivery 20.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracting Visual Evoked Potentials from EEG Data Recorded During fMRI-guided Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Sadeh

Yovel

2014

JoVE

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Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is an effective method for establishing a causal link between a cortical area and cognitive/ neurophysiological effects. Specifically, by creating a transient interference with the normal activity of a target region and measuring changes in an electrophysiological signal, we can establish a causal link between the stimulated brain area or network and the electrophysiological signal that we record. If target brain areas are functionally defined with prior fMRI scan, TMS could be used to link the fMRI activations with evoked potentials recorded. However, conducting such experiments presents significant technical challenges given the high amplitude artifacts introduced into the EEG signal by the magnetic pulse, and the difficulty to successfully target areas that were functionally defined by fMRI. Here we describe a methodology for combining these three common tools: TMS, EEG, and fMRI. We explain how to guide the stimulator's coil to the desired target area using anatomical or functional MRI data, how to record EEG during concurrent TMS, how to design an ERP study suitable for EEG-TMS combination and how to extract reliable ERP from the recorded data. We will provide representative results from a previously published study, in which fMRI-guided TMS was used concurrently with EEG to show that the face-selective N1 and the body-selective N1 component of the ERP are associated with distinct neural networks in extrastriate cortex. This method allows us to combine the high spatial resolution of fMRI with the high temporal resolution of TMS and EEG and therefore obtain a comprehensive understanding of the neural basis of various cognitive processes. Video LinkThe video component of this article can be found at

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Artifact correction and source analysis of early electroencephalographic responses evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation over primary motor cortex

Cited by 117 publications

References 67 publications

Effects of the Selective α5-GABAAR Antagonist S44819 on Excitability in the Human Brain: A TMS–EMG and TMS–EEG Phase I Study

Effects of the Selective α5-GABAAR Antagonist S44819 on Excitability in the Human Brain: A TMS–EMG and TMS–EEG Phase I Study

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Neuroimaging Coregistration

Extracting Visual Evoked Potentials from EEG Data Recorded During fMRI-guided Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

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