Artifacts in the use of selective chemical extraction to determine distributions of metals between oxides of manganese and iron

Tipping, Edward; Hetherington, N.B.; Hilton, J.; Thompson, D. W.; Bowles, Emma.; Hamilton−Taylor, John

doi:10.1021/ac00286a035

Cited by 178 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In fact, after step 3 there are no organic particles in the residue. After step 2 the Fe group (5,7,8) decreases considerably and the same is true for Ca and Mg containing particles (6).…”

Section: Comparison Between the Two Extraction Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…14 In order to check the efficiency and selectivity of the two procedures, the sediment and residues after extractions have been subjected to SEM-EDX analysis for the detection of characteristic particles. Microchemical techniques have been used by other workers to study selective extractions, 5,15,16 or together with them to better characterize the solid phases; 17 they were also very useful in our previous studies regarding the optimization of sequential extractions for applications to particulate matter. 18,19 …”

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confidence: 99%

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Evaluation and Comparison of Two Selective Extraction Procedures for Heavy Metal Speciation in Sediments

et al. 2001

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“…In fact, after step 3 there are no organic particles in the residue. After step 2 the Fe group (5,7,8) decreases considerably and the same is true for Ca and Mg containing particles (6).…”

Section: Comparison Between the Two Extraction Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 70%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation and Comparison of Two Selective Extraction Procedures for Heavy Metal Speciation in Sediments

et al. 2001

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“…This increase is mostly explained by the dehydratation and conversion of iron oxyhydroxides to more crystalline forms, not soluble in acidified NH 2 OH (Chao, 1972;Shuman, 1982;Chao and Liyi Zhou, 1983;Tipping et al, 1985;Shannon and White, 1991). For Cu, it is observed that the large organic pool was mainly shifted into the residual fraction.…”

Section: Residual Fractionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Nonselectivity of the reagents and trace element redistributions among phases during fractionation are the main problems reported (Rendell and Batley, 1980;Tipping et al, 1985;Belzile et al, 1989;Bermond and Sommer, 1989;Calvet et al, 1990;Shannon and White, 1991;Bermond, 1992;Bermond and Eustache, 1993;Förstner, 1993;Xiao-Quan and Bin, 1993). Despite all the restrictions, sequential fractionation procedures have proved to be useful in the field of environmental analytical chemistry (Tessier and Campbell, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of single reagent extraction using NH4OAc-EDTA on the solid phase distribution of metals in a contaminated dredged sediment

Tack

Verloo

1996

Science of The Total Environment

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The solid phase distribution of metals in a contaminated dredged sediment as affected by a single reagent extraction (0.5 mol/L NH 4 OAc + 0.02 mol/L EDTA) was studied. A sediment was dried and portions were heated at 250°C and 450°C. From each treatment, a portion was extracted with NH 4 OAc-EDTA. Both the extracted and the unextracted portions were then subjected to a sequential fractionation.NH 4 OAc-EDTA extraction decreased both the acid extractable and the reducible fractions. The oxidizable and residual fractions were not significantly affected. Larger portions of the acid extractable and reducible fractions were extracted with NH 4 OAc-EDTA when the sediment was previously heated at 250°C. After heating the sediment at 450°C the NH 4 OAc-EDTA-extractable portions decreased.Fractionation procedures can provide reliable information on the chemical associations of pollutants in sediments. To estimate short and medium term metal availability, single reagent leaching tests appear more appropriate.

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“…However, sequential extraction techniques are operationally defined. In addition, there are other shortcomings such as lack of sensitivity and efficiency in each extraction (Tipping et al, 1985;Rapin et al, 1986;Martin et al, 1987;Nirel and Morel, 1990;Wallman et al, 1993). Despite the pitfalls, they remain as one of the most widely used approaches to distinguish between different geochemical association of many trace metals and to gain a better insight of geochemical processes occurring in sediments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partitioning of heavy metals in the sediments of Lake Naivasha, Kenya

Njenga

Ramanathan

Subramanian

2009

Chemical Speciation & Bioavailability

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Metal fractionation is a powerful tool for studying the mobility, bioavailability and toxicity of metals in sediments and soils. A seven-step sequential extraction technique was used to determine the potential mobility of selected heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd and Ni) in the sediments of Lake Naivasha. Results indicate that residual fraction was the most important phase for the elements Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn. However, Pb and Cd are highly enriched in the non-residual phases. Nickel on the other hand was distributed evenly between the non-residual and the residual fractions.The total concentrations of the heavy metals suggested a decreasing order of iron4 4 4manganese 4zinc4nickel4copper4lead4cadmium. However, the detailed sequential extraction data indicated an order of release or mobility of cadmium4lead 4nickel4zinc4manganese4copper4iron. The high percentage of Cd and Pb in the mobile fractions suggests high bioavailability of these two elements in the study area and maybe a pointer to anthropogenic input of the two elements in the study area.

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Artifacts in the use of selective chemical extraction to determine distributions of metals between oxides of manganese and iron

Cited by 178 publications

References 7 publications

Evaluation and Comparison of Two Selective Extraction Procedures for Heavy Metal Speciation in Sediments

Evaluation and Comparison of Two Selective Extraction Procedures for Heavy Metal Speciation in Sediments

Impact of single reagent extraction using NH4OAc-EDTA on the solid phase distribution of metals in a contaminated dredged sediment

Partitioning of heavy metals in the sediments of Lake Naivasha, Kenya

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