Artificial and Natural Water Bodies Change in China, 2000–2020

Abstract

Artificial and natural water bodies, such as reservoirs, ponds, rivers and lakes, are important components of water-related ecosystems; they are also important indicators of the impact of human activities and climate change on surface water resources. However, due to the global and regional lack of artificial and natural water bodies data sets, understanding of the changes in water-related ecosystems under the dual impact of human activities and climate change is limited and scientific and effective protection and restoration actions are restricted. In this paper, artificial and natural water bodies data sets for China are developed for the years 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2020 based on satellite remote sensing surface water and artificial water body location sample data sets. The characteristics and causes of the temporal and spatial distributions of the artificial and natural water bodies are also analyzed. The results revealed that the area of artificial and natural water bodies in China shows an overall increasing trend, with obvious differences in spatial distribution during the last 20 years, and that the fluctuation range of artificial water bodies is smaller than that of natural water bodies. This research is critical for understanding the composition and long-term changes in China’s surface water system and for supporting and formulating scientific and rational strategies for water-related ecosystem protection and restoration.

A Review of Hydromechanical Coupling Tests, Theoretical and Numerical Analyses in Rock Materials

“…Such as in the construction engineering field, including ground settlement caused by groundwater extraction, seepage of foundation pit and wall seepage prevention [21], seepage and stability of the dam foundation [22,23], tunnel construction [24][25][26], and so on. In the mining field, it involves hydromechanical coupling seepage [27], rock mass deformation and water inrush [28][29][30][31][32], working face grouting [33] and gas extraction [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41], stability of slope in an open pit [42][43][44], protection of water resources in mining area [45][46][47][48][49][50]. The field of environmental engineering covers underground nuclear waste storage, municipal garbage disposal and environmental water pollution transmission [51][52][53][54][55][56][57], pollutant control systems [58] and biomedical engineering [59][60][61].…”