Artificial Assembled Macrophage Co-Deliver Black Phosphorus Quantum Dot and CDK4/6 Inhibitor for Colorectal Cancer Triple-Therapy

Abstract

In recent years, therapeutic strategies based on macrophages have been inspiringly developed, but due to the high intricacy and immunosuppression of the tumor microenvironment, the widespread use of these strategies still faces significant challenges. Herein, an artificial assembled macrophage concept (AB@LM) was presented to imitate the main antitumor abilities of macrophages of tumor targeting, promoting the antitumor immunity, and direct tumor-killing effects. The artificial assembled macrophage (AB@LM) was prepared through an extrusion method, which is to fuse the macrophage membrane with abemaciclib and black phosphorus quantum dot (BPQD)-loaded liposomes. AB@LM showed good stability and tumor targeting ability with the help of macrophage membrane. Furthermore, AB@LM reversed the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment by inhibiting regulatory T cells (Tregs) and stimulating the maturation of antigen-presenting cells to activate the antitumor immune response through triggering an immunogenic cell death effect. More importantly, in the colorectal tumor model in vivo, a strong cooperative therapeutic effect of photo/chemo/immunotherapy was observed with high tumor inhibition rate (95.3 ± 2.05%). In conclusion, AB@LM exhibits excellent antitumor efficacy by intelligently mimicking the abilities of macrophages. A promising therapeutic strategy for tumor treatment based on imitating macrophages was provided in this study.

The application of extracellular vesicles in colorectal cancer metastasis and drug resistance: recent advances and trends

“…These NVs showed good CRC targeting with the help of macrophage membranes. They also reversed the immunosuppressive nature of the CRC microenvironment by inhibiting Tregs and promoting the maturation of antigen-presenting cells and achieved a CRC suppression rate of 95.3 ± 2.05% in vivo, due to the combination of photo/chemo/immunotherapy [ 85 ]. However, it is noteworthy that the filters used to prepare NVs are prone to clogging.…”

Macrophage cell membrane-based nanoparticles: a new promising biomimetic platform for targeted delivery and treatment

“…For example, Fang et al . prepared artificially assembled macrophages with drug-loaded liposomes for colorectal cancer [ 86 ]. Integrin α4, integrin β1 and C-C chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) help them target tumors and evade the mononuclear phagocyte system.…”

Antitumor Applications of Photothermal Agents and Photothermal Synergistic Therapies

“…They have unique physical and chemical properties, an easy surface modification, a high photothermal efficiency, and can promote the extension of tumor blood circulation and improve the accumulation capacity. 2D nanomaterials mainly include graphene and its derivatives, metal compounds [79,80], transition metal dihydroxy compounds (TMDC) [81], black phosphorus (BP) [82,83], and transition metal carbides/carbonitrides (MXene) (e.g., carbides, nitrides, or carbonitrides) [84][85][86]. Because GO is highly soluble in aqueous solution, it exhibits obvious targeting, a high absorption, and an excellent PCE in the NIR range.…”