Artificial chimeric exosomes for anti-phagocytosis and targeted cancer therapy

Zhang, Kai-Long; Wang, Yingjie; Sun, Jin; Zhou, Jie; Xing, Chao; Huang, Guoming; Li, Juan; Yang, Huanghao

doi:10.1039/c8sc03224f

Cited by 99 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…In addition to the above-mentioned cells, there are other candidates for drug delivery vesicles. For example, EVs derived from red blood cells (RBCs) (Kuo et al, 2017;Zhang et al, 2019), T cells (Lu et al, 2018), and natural killer (NK) cells (Zhu et al, 2018) have been investigated for their potential in drug delivery. Since RBCs are the most abundant cell type (84% of all cells) in the body, they are easy to obtain and are available in blood banks.…”

Section: Othersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospects and challenges of extracellular vesicle-based drug delivery system: considering cell source

et al. 2020

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies, are nanosized membrane vesicles derived from most cell types. Carrying diverse biomolecules from their parent cells, EVs are important mediators of intercellular communication and thus play significant roles in physiological and pathological processes. Owing to their natural biogenesis process, EVs are generated with high biocompatibility, enhanced stability, and limited immunogenicity, which provide multiple advantages as drug delivery systems (DDSs) over traditional synthetic delivery vehicles. EVs have been reported to be used for the delivery of siRNAs, miRNAs, protein, small molecule drugs, nanoparticles, and CRISPR/Cas9 in the treatment of various diseases. As a natural drug delivery vectors, EVs can penetrate into the tissues and be bioengineered to enhance the targetability. Although EVs' characteristics make them ideal for drug delivery, EV-based drug delivery remains challenging, due to lack of standardized isolation and purification methods, limited drug loading efficiency, and insufficient clinical grade production. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge on the application of EVs as DDS from the perspective of different cell origin and weighted the advantages and bottlenecks of EV-based DDS. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Othersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospects and challenges of extracellular vesicle-based drug delivery system: considering cell source

et al. 2020

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“…Small extracellular vesicle loading systems employing exosomes and exosome mimics known as small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are being developed as a novel delivery strategy in chemotherapy-based cancer therapies dependent on loading external cargo composed of a tumour inhibiting agent and modifying exosomal surface proteins [119]. Recently designed artificial chimeric exosomes demonstrated a better antitumor therapeutic answer with elevated tumour accumulation when comparing with conventional liposomes [120]. Main challenges of exosome based systems include cancer-specific methods for loading the cargos into the vesicle and manipulation of the surface proteins so that the half-life of the vesicles is prolonged, making them a long lived therapeutic target to be explored in the near future.…”

Section: Exosomes and Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Critical challenges in the context of exosomes as potential drug delivery vehicles for cancer therapies include ineffective exosome separation techniques and a lack of purification techniques required following the successful isolation of exosomes [119]. Other challenges encompass the limited availability of highly sensitive exosomal biomarkers, non-large-scale production and low drug loading efficiency [120].…”

Section: Exosomes As a Drug Delivery Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inclusion Biogenesis, Methods of Isolation and Clinical Application of Human Cellular Exosomes

Tschuschke

Kocherova

Bryja

et al. 2020

JCM

141

101

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Exosomes are a heterogenous subpopulation of extracellular vesicles 30–150 nm in range and of endosome-derived origin. We explored the exosome formation through different systems, including the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) and ESCRT-independent system, looking at the mechanisms of release. Different isolation techniques and specificities of exosomes from different tissues and cells are also discussed. Despite more than 30 years of research that followed their definition and indicated their important role in cellular physiology, the exosome biology is still in its infancy with rapidly growing interest. The reasons for the rapid increase in interest with respect to exosome biology is because they provide means of intercellular communication and transmission of macromolecules between cells, with a potential role in the development of diseases. Moreover, they have been investigated as prognostic biomarkers, with a potential for further development as diagnostic tools for neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. The interest grows further with the fact that exosomes were reported as useful vectors for drugs.

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“…Common peptides include various derivatives of ligands for integrins (e.g., αvβ3 and αvβ5), G-protein coupled receptors and growth factor receptors. Zhang et al developed artificial chimeric exosomes (ACEs) by embedding cell membrane proteins derived from red blood cells and MCF-7 breast cancer cells, to evade the immune system and facilitate adherence to homologous cancer cells, respectively, into the phospholipid bilayers of liposomes [113]. The integration of the cell membrane proteins mimicked the morphological and physiological composition of EVs, while functional abilities were recapitulated in the improved targeting ability and anti-phagocytosis capabilities.…”

Section: Liposomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering Extracellular Vesicles as Nanotherapeutics for Regenerative Medicine

2019

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Long thought of to be vesicles that primarily recycled waste biomolecules from cells, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have now emerged as a new class of nanotherapeutics for regenerative medicine. Recent studies have proven their potential as mediators of cell proliferation, immunomodulation, extracellular matrix organization and angiogenesis, and are currently being used as treatments for a variety of diseases and injuries. They are now being used in combination with a variety of more traditional biomaterials and tissue engineering strategies to stimulate tissue repair and wound healing. However, the clinical translation of EVs has been greatly slowed due to difficulties in EV isolation and purification, as well as their limited yields and functional heterogeneity. Thus, a field of EV engineering has emerged in order to augment the natural properties of EVs and to recapitulate their function in semi-synthetic and synthetic EVs. Here, we have reviewed current technologies and techniques in this growing field of EV engineering while highlighting possible future applications for regenerative medicine.

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Artificial chimeric exosomes for anti-phagocytosis and targeted cancer therapy

Abstract: ACEs were engineered much like “Emperor Qin's Terra-Cotta Warriors”, simultaneously equipped with armor (anti-phagocytosis capability from RBCs) and dagger-axes (homologous targeting ability from cancer cells).

Cited by 99 publications

References 51 publications

Prospects and challenges of extracellular vesicle-based drug delivery system: considering cell source

Prospects and challenges of extracellular vesicle-based drug delivery system: considering cell source

Inclusion Biogenesis, Methods of Isolation and Clinical Application of Human Cellular Exosomes

Engineering Extracellular Vesicles as Nanotherapeutics for Regenerative Medicine

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