Artificial exposure of sugar beets to Rhizoctonia solani

Pierson, Victor G.; Gaskill, J. O.

doi:10.5274/jsbr.11.7.574

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Rhizoctonia inoculum was prepared by growing each R. solani isolate on moist autoclaved barley grains. Infested barley was air dried and ground according to the methods of Pierson and Gaskill 25 . Fusarium inoculum was prepared by transferring a 4 mm plug of fungal hyphae from the actively growing edge of a fungal colony on PDA to half‐strength V8 agar 26.…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of glyphosate on Rhizoctonia and Fusarium root rot in sugar beet

Larson

Hill

Fenwick

et al. 2006

Pest Management Science

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This study tests the effect of glyphosate application on disease severity in glyphosate-resistant sugar beet, and examines whether the increase in disease is fungal or plant mediated. In greenhouse studies of glyphosate-resistant sugar beet, increased disease severity was observed following glyphosate application and inoculation with certain isolates of Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn and Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. f. sp. betae Snyd. & Hans. Significant increases in disease severity were noted for R. solani AG-2-2 isolate R-9 and moderately virulent F. oxysporum isolate FOB13 on both cultivars tested, regardless of the duration between glyphosate application and pathogen challenge, but not with highly virulent F. oxysporum isolate F-19 or an isolate of R. solani AG-4. The increase in disease does not appear to be fungal mediated, since in vitro studies showed no positive impact of glyphosate on fungal growth or overwintering structure production or germination for either pathogen. Studies of glyphosate impact on sugar beet physiology showed that shikimic acid accumulation is tissue specific and the rate of accumulation is greatly reduced in resistant cultivars when compared with a susceptible cultivar. The results indicate that precautions need to be taken when certain soil-borne diseases are present if weed management for sugar beet is to include post-emergence glyphosate treatments.

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Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of glyphosate on Rhizoctonia and Fusarium root rot in sugar beet

Larson

Hill

Fenwick

et al. 2006

Pest Management Science

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“…Inoculum production of phytopathogenic fungi. R. solani AG 2-2 and a chlorate-resistant nitrate-nonutilizing (nit) mutant (11) of V. dahliae (provided by R. Rowe, Ohio State University) inoculum was produced by transferring these fungi separately from potato dextrose agar (PDA) cultures to sterile, moist whole barley grains in 1-liter Erlenmeyer flasks (16,19). The inoculated barley was kept at 23 1°C and shaken every day during a 2week incubation period, followed by air drying at 23 1°C for 48 h. Inoculum was ground to a sawdust texture (30 to 1,500 µm, with a mean particle size of approximately 300 µm) with a Waring blender.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycofumigation with Muscodor albus and Muscodor roseus for Control of Seedling Diseases of Sugar Beet and Verticillium Wilt of Eggplant

et al. 2003

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Mycofumigation is the use of antimicrobial volatiles produced by fungi such as Muscodor albusitalic and M. roseus for the control of other organisms. Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) stand establishment was increased and disease severity decreased by mycofumigation with M. roseus and M. albus in autoclaved soil infested with Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium ultimum, or Aphanomyces cochlioides. Eggplant seedlings (Solanum melongena L.) transplanted into autoclaved soil infested with Verticillium dahliae and mycofumigated with M. albus and M. roseus had significantly less disease (P < 0.05) after 4 and 5 weeks compared with nonmycofumigated Verticillium-infested soil. The effect of formulation on efficacy of mycofumigation with M. roseus was tested using potato dextrose agar strips, alginate capsules, ground barley, pesta granules, and stabileze granules. The stabileze and ground barley formulations of M. roseus resulted in the best control of P. ultimum damping-off. The best control of A. cochlioides damping-off was with the stabileze formulation, and the stabileze, ground barley, and agar strip formulations provided similar control of R. solani damping-off. In soil infested with P. ultimum, mycofumigation with M. albus stabileze formulation resulted in stand establishment similar to that in the autoclaved soil. Mycofumigation was ineffective in controlling Fusarium wilt of sugar beet. Neither M. albus nor M. roseus affected sugar beet or eggplant growth or appearance except in the stabileze formulation, where stunting was noticed. Mycofumigation with M. albus and M. roseus shows promise for control of soilborne diseases caused by P. ultimum, A. cochlioides, R. solani, and V. dahliae.

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“…Breeding for resistance requires reliable methods for disease assessment (Gao and Jung 2002). Testing for resistance to Rhizoctonia root rot is difficult because of the unpredictable and mostly patchwise occurrence of R. solani in the field (Pierson and Gaskill 1961). Methods for artificial inoculation of sugar beet in field trials and for rating the disease symptoms have been developed (Gaskill 1968, Ruppel et al 1979, Panella and Ruppel 1995, Engelkes and Windels 1996.…”

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confidence: 99%

Greenhouse and field techniques for testing sugar beet for resistance to Rhizoctonia root and crown rot

2004

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Rhizoctonia‐resistant sugar beet varieties are the key to an integrated control strategy for Rhizoctonia root rot. Because of the unpredictable occurrence of Rhizoctonia solani in the field testing of sugar beet for resistance to Rhizoctonia root rot is difficult. The aim of the study was to develop advanced greenhouse and field techniques which allow a reliable assessment of sugar beet for resistance to R. solani. A highly infectious liquid inoculum was used for the first time in this study. It can be produced in large quantities of a standardized quality, sterile, and exactly quantified according to its carbon content. In a greenhouse trial, sugar beet grown in the same way as field grown beet was inoculated by applying a suspension of Rhizoctonia mycelium (equivalent to 10 mg carbon per plant) to the beet crown. After 3 weeks, inoculation had led to uniform and severe root rot. Disease symptoms were similar to those found under natural conditions in the field. No ‘escapes’, i.e. susceptible plants apparently expressing resistance were observed in the test. A new nine‐class disease scale was established and a Rhizoctonia index (RI) was calculated. Reliability of disease assessment was demonstrated on progeny of plants, selected from segregating populations, showing Rhizoctonia resistance more closely related to the resistant parent lines than to the susceptible ones. Sugar beet varieties could be assessed in the greenhouse within only 11 weeks. All varieties were affected by the pathogen but partially resistant varieties could be clearly recognized by a significantly lower Rhizoctonia index. Significant differences in susceptibility were also found within the group of new resistant genotypes. Infection studies performed in the field showed the superiority of the new liquid inoculum compared with a solid form and revealed the influence of inoculation date and inoculum level on the development of Rhizoctonia root rot. In field tests performed at different sites under different environmental conditions, susceptible and partially resistant sugar beet varieties could be reproducibly rated according to their susceptibility to R. solani. On average, susceptible varieties showed a Rhizoctonia index of 8 while resistant genotypes ranged from 5 to 6. The newly developed techniques allow fast and reliable evaluation of sugar beet for resistance to R. solani.

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Artificial exposure of sugar beets to Rhizoctonia solani

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

Influence of glyphosate on Rhizoctonia and Fusarium root rot in sugar beet

Influence of glyphosate on Rhizoctonia and Fusarium root rot in sugar beet

Mycofumigation with Muscodor albus and Muscodor roseus for Control of Seedling Diseases of Sugar Beet and Verticillium Wilt of Eggplant

Greenhouse and field techniques for testing sugar beet for resistance to Rhizoctonia root and crown rot

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