Artificial feeding of Rhipicephalus microplus female ticks with anti calreticulin serum do not influence tick and Babesia bigemina acquisition

Antunes, Sandra; Merino, Octávio; Lérias, Joana R.; Domingues, Nuno; Mosqueda, Juan; Fuente, José de la; Domingos, Ana

doi:10.1016/j.ttbdis.2014.09.003

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Each tick was recovered from ethanol, rinsed in pH 7.4 phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), homogenized and used for DNA extraction using TriReagent (Sigma-Aldrich, Lisbon, Portugal), as previously described (Antunes et al, 2015). DNA concentration and purity was accessed by spectrophotometry (Thermo Scientific NanoDrop 2000, Lisbon, Portugal).…”

Section: Dna Extraction Pcr Screening and Amplicon Sequencingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and phylogenetic characterization of Theileria spp. and Anaplasma marginale in Rhipicephalus bursa in Portugal

Ferrolho

Antunes

Santos

et al. 2016

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases

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a b s t r a c tTicks are obligatory blood-sucking arthropod (Acari:Ixodida) ectoparasites of domestic and wild animals as well as humans. The incidence of tick-borne diseases is rising worldwide, challenging our approach toward diagnosis, treatment and control options. Rhipicephalus bursa Canestrini and Fanzago, 1877, a two-host tick widely distributed in the Palearctic Mediterranean region, is considered a multi-host tick that can be commonly found on sheep, goats and cattle, and occasionally on horses, dogs, deer and humans. R. bursa is a species involved in the transmission of several tick-borne pathogens with a known impact on animal health and production. The aim of this study was to estimate R. bursa prevalence in Portugal Mainland and circulating pathogens in order to contribute to a better knowledge of the impact of this tick species. Anaplasma marginale and Theileria spp. were detected and classified using phylogenetic analysis. This is the first report of Theileria annulata and Theileria equi detection in R. bursa ticks feeding on cattle and horses, respectively, in Portugal. This study contributes toward the identification of currently circulating pathogens in this tick species as a prerequisite for developing future effective anti-tick control measures.

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Section: Dna Extraction Pcr Screening and Amplicon Sequencingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and phylogenetic characterization of Theileria spp. and Anaplasma marginale in Rhipicephalus bursa in Portugal

Ferrolho

Antunes

Santos

et al. 2016

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases

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“…The main challenge in raising cattle in Brazil is related to parasites [16], that have negative effects on production, and in severe cases, animal death [2,39]. The conventional control of parasites based on the use of acaricides has been ineffective due to commercial formulations [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repellent Effects of Andiroba and Copaiba Oils against Musca domestica (Common House Fly) and Ecotoxicological Effects on the Environment

Zortéa

Baretta

Volpato

et al. 2017

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: The main challenge in raising cattle in Brazil is related to ectoparasites, that cause negative effects on milk and meat production, and in severe cases, animal death. Sheds known as crèches attracts large number insects mainly due to milk residues in the environment. The housefly is a major problem due to act as vectors of many other diseases, and so there is the possibility of control of infestations with natural products. Andiroba and copaiba oils may act as natural biocides, there are only a few studies on their effect on biological soil parameters. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the repellent effect of andiroba and copaiba oils against flies and on biological soil parameters.Materials, Methods & Results: The repellency effect of oils of andiroba and copaiba was tested at a concentration of 5% in lambs shed maternity, containing 64 bays (1.8 m2). It was sprayed 30 mL per pen, where they were housed five lambs each. Pre-treatment counts were taken before the treatment (mean 46 per pen after Musca domestica), and post-treatment count was made on 2, 24 and 48 h. The data collected at 2 and 24 h was evaluated and the number of flies was reduced significantly (P < 0.001) in the pens treated with oil of copaiba and andiroba compared to control (untreated) pen. After 48 h, no difference was observed between treatments in relation to fly numbers (P > 0.05). Ecotoxicological test using increasing concentrations in the soil (0, 1, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) regarding changes in basal respiration (C-CO2), and survival and reproduction of springtails (Folsomia candida). It was observed an increased amount of mineralized C-CO2 until the day 10 of incubation for both oils without inhibition of the microbial respiratory process in any dose. The copaiba oil showed higher amounts of accumulated C-CO2 compared to andiroba oil in all studied concentrations (P < 0.05). In tests with mesofauna organisms, none of the evaluated concentrations of the two oils showed no negative effect on the survival of springtails (P > 0.05), the same was observed for the reproduction results, where there was no reduction in the number of juveniles (P > 0.05).Discussion: According literature, andiroba and copaiba oils have repellent effect against domestic fly when sprayed onto infected cow’s horn fly, similar results also were reported in vitro tests against M. domestica larvae using andiroba oil and noted 80% larval mortality. The use of natural products in disease control is growing, but its impacts on the environment are not known, so in addition to suggesting therapies it is important to be concerned with ecotoxicological tests. Researchers showed an effect of Eucalyptus globulus essential oil on F. candida and reported 76% reduction in its survival rate at concentration of 60 mg/kg soil. Basal soil respiration is a sensitive indicator that quickly reveals changes in the environmental conditions that affect microbial activity, and the data presented herein reveal an increase in the respiration of microorganisms depending on the amount of oil added to the soil. The essential oils of copaiba and andiroba have repellent effect against Musca domestica, and did not show any toxicity to inhibit microbial activity in the soil. In addition, the presence of the oils in the soil did not affect the survival and reproduction of springtails Folsomia candida.

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“…A pilot immunization trial in cattle using recombinant calreticulin failed to reduce tick infestation, probably due to the low immunogenicity of the protein (Ferreira et al, 2002 ). More recently, serum with anti-calreticulin antibodies also failed to promote a significant decrease in B. bigemina infection in R. microplus (Antunes et al, 2015 ). In this study, calreticulin immunolocalization assays have shown that this molecule can be found in the tick midgut, ovaries and SGs, suggesting that it might have a role in Babesia infection in all these tissues.…”

Section: Tick Salivary Gland Molecules That Intervene In Bamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Calreticulin , has been identified in tick ovaries, midgut and SGs (Antunes et al, 2012 , 2015 ). The role of this molecule in ticks is still not clear but some studies support its presence in the SGs and saliva is presumably related to a mechanism to avoid vertebrate host defense responses (Jaworski et al, 1995 ; Ferreira et al, 2004 ; Antunes et al, 2015 ) and may lack the anti-thrombotic and complement-inhibiting characteristics that suppress host defense actions (Kim et al, 2015 ). The gene encoding this protein was found to be over expressed in R. annulatus infected with B. bigemina.…”

Section: Tick Salivary Gland Molecules That Intervene In Bamentioning

confidence: 99%

Deciphering Babesia-Vector Interactions

Antunes

Rosa

Couto

et al. 2017

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Understanding host-pathogen-tick interactions remains a vitally important issue that might be better understood by basic research focused on each of the dyad interplays. Pathogens gain access to either the vector or host during tick feeding when ticks are confronted with strong hemostatic, inflammatory and immune responses. A prominent example of this is the Babesia spp.—tick—vertebrate host relationship. Babesia spp. are intraerythrocytic apicomplexan organisms spread worldwide, with a complex life cycle. The presence of transovarial transmission in almost all the Babesia species is the main difference between their life cycle and that of other piroplasmida. With more than 100 species described so far, Babesia are the second most commonly found blood parasite of mammals after trypanosomes. The prevalence of Babesia spp. infection is increasing worldwide and is currently classified as an emerging zoonosis. Babesia microti and Babesia divergens are the most frequent etiological agents associated with human babesiosis in North America and Europe, respectively. Although the Babesia-tick system has been extensively researched, the currently available prophylactic and control methods are not efficient, and chemotherapeutic treatment is limited. Studying the molecular changes induced by the presence of Babesia in the vector will not only elucidate the strategies used by the protozoa to overcome mechanical and immune barriers, but will also contribute toward the discovery of important tick molecules that have a role in vector capacity. This review provides an overview of the identified molecules involved in Babesia-tick interactions, with an emphasis on the fundamentally important ones for pathogen acquisition and transmission.

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Artificial feeding of Rhipicephalus microplus female ticks with anti calreticulin serum do not influence tick and Babesia bigemina acquisition

Cited by 17 publications

References 50 publications

Detection and phylogenetic characterization of Theileria spp. and Anaplasma marginale in Rhipicephalus bursa in Portugal

Detection and phylogenetic characterization of Theileria spp. and Anaplasma marginale in Rhipicephalus bursa in Portugal

Repellent Effects of Andiroba and Copaiba Oils against Musca domestica (Common House Fly) and Ecotoxicological Effects on the Environment

Deciphering Babesia-Vector Interactions

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