Artificial Frost Treatment Methods of Stone Fruits

Pedryc, A.; Korbuly, J.; Szabó, Z.

doi:10.17660/actahortic.1999.488.60

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The level of frost resistance can be determined most accurately by means of an artificial freezing test (Pedryc et al, 1999;Proebsting and Mills, 1978;Quamme, 1974;Szalay, 2001). This requires the use of controlled climate chambers where the processes can be modeled, i.e., the temperature can be gradually changed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hardening and Dehardening of Peach Flower Buds

Szalay¹,

Timon²,

Németh³

et al. 2010

horts

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At the northern borders of the peach-growing zone, low temperatures during winter are the critical factors for the survival of the trees and for the reliability of production. Our aim was to carry out detailed analysis of the hardening and dehardening processes of flower buds of three peach cultivars with contrasting frost tolerance and to evaluate the effects of environmental factors and of genotypic differences in two consecutive winters with very diverse weather conditions. Based on our results, the hardening process takes place in two phases in peach flower buds. In the first phase, gradual cooling is essential if the level of frost resistance characteristic of the genotype is to develop, but in the second phase, it is a prerequisite that the external temperature drop consistently below zero for reaching the maximum frost tolerance. The maximum level of frost resistance developed by peach flower buds was only maintained for a limited time and the differences between the cultivars gradually decreased as flowering time approached. At the time of leaf fall in the fall and before flowering, the difference between the mean frost tolerance values for flower buds of the extremely frost-tolerant and frost-sensitive cultivars was only 2 °C, whereas in midwinter, it was 5 to 5.5 °C.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hardening and Dehardening of Peach Flower Buds

Szalay¹,

Timon²,

Németh³

et al. 2010

horts

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“…No ano seguinte, quando as condições não diferiram muito entre os genótipos, 'Chimarrita' foi melhor que 'Coral', o que confirma, pelo menos, para estes dois cultivares, os resultados daqueles autores. Há que ser considerado, também, o tamanho das amostras utilizadas, pois segundo Pedryc et al (1999), amostras contendo 200 gemas dão resultados confiáveis em relação à tolerância a geadas. Maiores amostras diminuem os desvios, mas não são proporcionais ao trabalho envolvido no experimento.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Tolerância de gemas floríferas, flores e frutos de pessegueiro a temperaturas de ocorrência de geadas

et al. 2012

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Tolerance of peach buds and fruits to frost temperaturesFrosts are not rare in the peach production region of Southern Brazil, during the months of July, August and, in some years, even in September. This period coincides with peach blooming and initial fruit development. Aiming to test possible difference among peach genotypes regarding tolerance to low temperatures, two completely randomized experiments were set up in 2009 and 2010. Two factors were tested (genotype and flower bud development stage) using three replications and 20 flower buds per plot. The genotypes included cultivars Chimarrita, Coral and BR-1 and the selection Cascata 730. In the 2010 trial, cv. Charme was added. The phenological stages tested were silver bud, pink, balloon and opened flower. Detached twigs from the genotypes to be studied were submitted during 16 hours to temperatures between -2,2 and -5,5 °C. Twigs with fruits before and after pit hardening stage were tested in another experiment. Differences among genotypes were small and seemed to be more dependent on preconditioning of the bud.Recebido para publicação em

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“…This finding is in agreement with previous results from literature. For the artificial frost treatments, the temperatures ranging between -21 and -24°C are suggested as the most suitable in the period immediately after deep dormancy (PEDRYC et al 1999). The best correlation between natural and artificial freezing for climatic conditions of central Europe was found after freezing the shoots at -23°C (FISCHER, HOCHFELD 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing of wood hardiness to winter freezes in selections from progenies of Cerapadus × Prunus avium L. crosses

Blažková¹,

Hlusickova²

2002

Hort. Sci. (Prague)

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Winter hardiness of genotypes pre-selected from Cerapadus × Prunus avium L. crosses was studied for 3 years (2000)(2001)(2002) in comparison with clonal cherry rootstocks, presently grown in the Czech Republic using artificial freezing of the budwood applied just after the phase of deep dormancy. With a temperature drop to freezing, both the mean and the maximum rate of general frost injury was markedly increased. The greatest damage of the tested material (roughly at the level of LD 50 on the average) occurred after the application of combined low temperatures -25°C for 4 hours + -20°C for 66 hours. The results of laboratory tests were compared with the damage of natural frost that occurred during the first half of January, 2002. The single observed years did not differ from each other in the extent of injury, on the average. From standard cherry rootstocks, P-HL-B was generally the most sensitive to freeze injury. Its weak winter hardiness was approximately the same, or even somewhat worse, than that of rootstock Colt. The rootstock P-HL-C was classified as medium sensitive to winter frosts, while rootstock P-HL-A was scored as winter hardy. The average frost injury score of all 48 selected Cerapadus × Prunus avium L. genotypes included in the study was 6.7, whereas that of all control cherry rootstocks was only 5.9. According to the results of this study, the tested genotypes were classified into 5 groups with different classes of frost resistance or susceptibility. The most frequent was the class of medium resistance. The following five genotypes were the most winter hardy: CPH VODÁRNA, CPH 43, CPH 17, CPH 22 and CPH 49. On the basis of the obtained results, suggestions for improving testing procedures are also given. cut from mother trees during the first half of January. This term was chosen using the experience of MITTEL- STÄDT and WOLFRAM (1996), who had tested similar clonal material in similar climatic conditions. The term following the deep dormancy phase was convenient, because the treated material could easily be used for subsequent growing tests.After storing for a short time in a cold store, the tested shoots were treated by a freeze temperature in a laboratory freeze chamber, with a possibility of temperature control and measuring accuracy of 0.1°C. The treated temperature was reached within two hours. At first, several different freezing temperatures were applied for different durations of time and were verified in 2000, from which three of the most suitable treatments were chosen and used for this three year study: -15°C for 22 hours (D), -20°C for 22 hours (E) and -25°C for 4 hours plus -20 o C for 66 hours (F). In January, 2002 a natural frost at Holovousy occurred about one week before the budwood was cut for testing. The deepest natural freezing outdoors took place from January 4 th till January 6 th with temperature fluctuating between -15°C to -18°C. After a freeze treatment, the tested shoots were, together with the untreated controls, placed into bulbs with water and kept at r...

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Artificial Frost Treatment Methods of Stone Fruits

Cited by 11 publications

References 3 publications

Hardening and Dehardening of Peach Flower Buds

Hardening and Dehardening of Peach Flower Buds

Tolerância de gemas floríferas, flores e frutos de pessegueiro a temperaturas de ocorrência de geadas

Testing of wood hardiness to winter freezes in selections from progenies of Cerapadus × Prunus avium L. crosses

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