“…The second includes the new methods developed on the basis of artificial intelligence (AI). AI has had an increasingly wide application in a wide range of research fields (Lu, 2019), where artificial neural networks (ANN) and support vector machines (SVM) are currently popular AI algorithms which can be used in classification and forecasting (Akman, Karaman, & Kuzey, 2020; Crone, Hibon, & Nikolopoulos, 2011; Kim, 2003; Kock & Teräsvirta, 2014; Pai & Lin, 2005; Shi, Xu, & Liu, 1996; Shi, Xu, & Liu, 1999; Vafeiadis et al, 2018; Wegener, Spreckelsen, Basse, & Mettenheim, 2016; Xie, Mao, & Wang, 2015; Yuan, Li, Guan, & Xu, 2010; Zhang, 2003).…”