Artificial Intelligence (AI) or Intelligence Augmentation (IA): What Is the Future?

Hassani, Hossein; Silva, Emmanuel Sirimal; Unger, Stephane; TajMazinani, Maedeh; Feely, Stephen Mac

doi:10.3390/ai1020008

Cited by 175 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…A similar, although less spectacular example, are now common AI chatbots which today many companies are using to interact with their customers on their websites. Other examples range from apps that regulate our phones and homes, to autonomous vehicles that are capable of determining and executing complex routes in chaotic urban environments [95][96][97]. What these AIs In 1997, IBM's Deep Blue defeated the then World Chess Champion Garry Kasparov-that was a remarkable twist in the story of AI and intelligent machines.…”

Section: Smart and Sustainable City Technologies: The Increasing Role Of Artificial Intelligencementioning

confidence: 99%

The Sustainability of Artificial Intelligence: An Urbanistic Viewpoint from the Lens of Smart and Sustainable Cities

2020

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The popularity and application of artificial intelligence (AI) are increasing rapidly all around the world—where, in simple terms, AI is a technology which mimics the behaviors commonly associated with human intelligence. Today, various AI applications are being used in areas ranging from marketing to banking and finance, from agriculture to healthcare and security, from space exploration to robotics and transport, and from chatbots to artificial creativity and manufacturing. More recently, AI applications have also started to become an integral part of many urban services. Urban artificial intelligences manage the transport systems of cities, run restaurants and shops where every day urbanity is expressed, repair urban infrastructure, and govern multiple urban domains such as traffic, air quality monitoring, garbage collection, and energy. In the age of uncertainty and complexity that is upon us, the increasing adoption of AI is expected to continue, and so its impact on the sustainability of our cities. This viewpoint explores and questions the sustainability of AI from the lens of smart and sustainable cities, and generates insights into emerging urban artificial intelligences and the potential symbiosis between AI and a smart and sustainable urbanism. In terms of methodology, this viewpoint deploys a thorough review of the current status of AI and smart and sustainable cities literature, research, developments, trends, and applications. In so doing, it contributes to existing academic debates in the fields of smart and sustainable cities and AI. In addition, by shedding light on the uptake of AI in cities, the viewpoint seeks to help urban policymakers, planners, and citizens make informed decisions about a sustainable adoption of AI.

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Section: Smart and Sustainable City Technologies: The Increasing Role Of Artificial Intelligencementioning

confidence: 99%

The Sustainability of Artificial Intelligence: An Urbanistic Viewpoint from the Lens of Smart and Sustainable Cities

2020

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“…Yet, it is crucial that we address the value of humans in this process, both now and in the distant future as artificial intelligence (AI) could replace the human mind if it is not carefully managed. Therefore, discussing and reflecting on the role and purpose of digitalisation through the AI and intelligence augmentation (IA) lenses are mandatory [45].…”

Section: Internet/technology Dependencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is an urgent need to provide wider and easier access to internet and smart devices, to support and educate on digital skills so as to make better use of smart technologies, to popularise the skills of programming, and increase algorithm awareness while maintaining the appreciation of prioritising human value. This will protect humans from vulnerabilities and contribute towards a sustainable cycle of advancements that can establish and create symbiosis between AI and humans [58] such that they share similar value such as in the human-AI synergy proposed in [55] and intelligence augmentation (IA) discussed in [45]. In conclusion, we believe that ethical AI should be a tool for intelligence augmentation, where human values are prioritised, human agency and freedom of options are valued over machine agency, AI is considered merely as a tool and option for improving the efficiency of human intelligence.…”

Section: From Ai To Ia-humans First and Technology Secondmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Human Digitalisation Journey: Technology First at the Expense of Humans?

2021

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The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has enhanced the impact of digitalisation as a driver of transformation and advancements across almost every aspect of human life. With the majority actively embracing smart technologies and their benefits, the journey of human digitalisation has begun. Will human beings continue to remain solitary unaffected beings in the middle of the whirlpool—a gateway to the completely digitalised future? This journey of human digitalisation probably started much earlier, before we even realised. This paper, in the format of an objective review and discussion, aims to investigate the journey of human digitalisation, explore the reality of domination between technology and humans, provide a better understanding of the human value and human vulnerability in this fast transforming digital era, so as to achieve valuable and insightful suggestion on the future direction of the human digitalisation journey.

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“…A thought-provoking idea seemingly enhancing the future of dentistry is the use of the AI concept [4], which was given by John McCarty in 1956. Besides, there is another concept, IA, which is parallel to AI and was constructed by Engelbart [5]. In this paper, we aim to investigate the future of smart dentistry and discuss whether it is AI or IA conquering the modern dentistry era.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shaping the Future of Smart Dentistry: From Artificial Intelligence (AI) to Intelligence Augmentation (IA)

Hassani

Andi

Ghodsi

et al. 2021

IoT

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Digitization is the emerging process in the current transformation of industry. Understanding the role and socio-economic consequences of digitalization is crucial for the way technology is being deployed in each sector. One of the affected sectors is dentistry. This study highlights the current advances and challenges in integrating and merging artificial intelligence (AI), intelligence augmentation (IA), and machine learning (ML) in dentistry. We conduct a comparative analysis to give an overview of which technology is being currently deployed and what role IA and AI will play in dentistry, as AI plays an assistive role in advancing human capabilities. We find that challenges range from AI finding its way into routine medical practice to qualitative challenges of retrieving adequate data input. Other challenges lie in the yet unanswered questions of liability in how to reduce deployment costs of new technology. Given these challenges, we provide an outlook of how future technology can be deployed in daily-life dentistry and how robots and humans will interact, given the current technology developments. The aim of this paper is to discuss the future of dentistry and whether it is AI or IA conquering the modern dentistry era.

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) or Intelligence Augmentation (IA): What Is the Future?

Cited by 175 publications

References 40 publications

The Sustainability of Artificial Intelligence: An Urbanistic Viewpoint from the Lens of Smart and Sustainable Cities

The Sustainability of Artificial Intelligence: An Urbanistic Viewpoint from the Lens of Smart and Sustainable Cities

The Human Digitalisation Journey: Technology First at the Expense of Humans?

Shaping the Future of Smart Dentistry: From Artificial Intelligence (AI) to Intelligence Augmentation (IA)

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