Artificial Intelligence and global health: opportunities and challenges

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) offers unprecedented opportunities and challenges for humanity. If AI can be positioned and leveraged correctly, it can rapidly accelerate progress on achieving the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), including SDG #3: ‘Ensure healthy lives and promote wellbeing for all at all ages’. Achieving this goal could have a transformative impact on global health. An ethical, transparent and responsible approach to AI development will result in AI translating data into contextually relevant knowledge, conclusions, and impactful actions.

The Adoption of Digital Technologies and Artificial Intelligence in Urban Health: A Scoping Review

“…However, few studies come from developing countries, which would most benefit from sustainable urban management. As reported by the World Health Organization (WHO), low-and middle-income countries can suffer from a high percentage of people who cannot access digital technologies, but decision-makers should use AI to implement new models of health-care delivery [41], integrating health data with urban data in order to improve health outcomes [41,42]. Only two papers [28,35] reported an innovative way to collect and monitor health data.…”

Place du numérique et de l’intelligence artificielle dans l’activité médicale. Éléments pour une réflexion commune entre médecins et entreprises

“…For example, an AI technology could be adapted to assess the relative risk of disease, which could be used for prevention of lifestyle diseases such as cardiovascular disease (20,21) and diabetes (22). Another use of AI for prediction could be to identify individuals with tuberculosis in LMIC who are not reached by the health system and therefore do not know their status (23). Predictive analytics could avert other causes of unnecessary morbidity and mortality in LMIC, such as birth asphyxia.…”

“…Clinicians might use AI to integrate patient records during consultations, identify patients at risk and vulnerable groups, as an aid in difficult treatment decisions and to catch clinical errors. In LMIC, for example, AI could be used in the management of antiretroviral therapy by predicting resistance to HIV drugs and disease progression, to help physicians optimize therapy (23). Yet, clinical experience and knowledge about patients is essential, and AI will not be a substitute for clinical due diligence for the foreseeable future.…”

Artificial intelligence in human factors and ergonomics: an overview of the current state of research

“…The development of AI offers an unprecedented opportunity and challenge for humanity and a transformative impact on global health. An ethical, transparent, and responsible approach to AI development will result in AI turning data into contextual knowledge, conclusions, and impactful actions so that sustainable development goals can be achieved [45]. At the OECD conference in Paris in 2017, experts recognized that AI is transforming economic and social sectors deeper and faster than expected.…”

“…Buxmann and Schmidt [6] Labor market BMBF [57] Labor market Frey and Osborne [58] Labor market Grace et al [59] Labor market PWC [53] Labor market Economic production factor Begleitforschung PAiCE [54] Economic production Factor Nature [55] Economic production factor LBBW Research [56] Economic production factor Nankervis et al [37] Production factor Hartmann et al [60] Production factor Ansari [16] Vocational training concepts Ansari and Seidenberg [17] Vocational training concepts Feigh et al [26] Vocational training concepts Deutscher Bundestag [41] Legislation and politics Deutsche Bundesregierung [42] Legislation and politics Cath et al [43] Legislation and politics Singh [45] Legislation and politics van Berkel et al [44] Legislation and politics OECD [46] Legislation and politics Clarke [48] Legislation and politics Steels and López de Mantaras [51] Legislation and politics Park [47] Legislation O'Sullivan and Thierer [52] Politics van Nuenen et al [49] Discrimination Santow [50] Discrimination…”