Artificial intelligence and labour market matching

Abstract

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND LABOUR MARKET MATCHING Unclassified OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Paperswww.oecd.org/els/workingpapers OECD Working Papers should not be reported as representing the official views of the OECD or of its member countries. The opinions expressed and arguments employed are those of the author(s).Working Papers describe preliminary results or research in progress by the author(s) and are published to stimulate discussion on a broad range of issues on which the OECD works. Comments on Working Papers are welcomed, and may be sent to

Governing with Artificial Intelligence

“…For example, Spain's Comptroller General has used AI to identify high-risk instances of potential fraud in grant and subsidies programmes (OECD, 2021 [14]). In Estonia, the Tax and Customs Board (MTA) has been testing AI to identify incorrectly submitted VAT refund claims and to identify companies or persons in need for inspection 24 . Such use cases perform mainly event detection tasks.…”

Adapting (to) automation

“…AI technologies can improve the efficiency and quality of the process of matching job seekers to vacancies, with advantages for underrepresented groups (Broecke, 2023). One consequence is that vacancies are filled more quickly, thus reducing unemployment.…”

“…Similarly, there are risks involved with the increased use of AI by human resource departments and employment services. AI can be a black box, and without knowing how recommendations and decisions are arrived at, it is dangerous to take them at face valueespecially in the employment sphere where the consequences for individuals can be significant (Broecke, 2023).…”

Using AI to support people with disability in the labour market

“…of the benefits and risks of AI-powered innovations in the realm of mental health, see Bossewitch et al (2022 [138]). 11 The Partnership on Employment & Accessible Technology (PEAT) created a toolkit to help employers understand the value of using accessible extended reality (XR) technologies in hybrid work environments and, in particular: how to procure accessible XR technologies for the workplace and how to use these technologies in ways that include all employees equally (https://www.peatworks.org/inclusive-xr-toolkit/).…”

“…There have been cases, however, of mental health chatbots malfunctioning -as was the case of the Tessa chatbot used by the National Eating Disorder Association in the United States, before it offered harmful advice and was taken down (Barr, 2023[132]). 33 For instance, Bossewitch et al (2022 [138]) worry that the development of AI-powered mental health applications ends up "undercutting face-to-face encounters of care and support (…) particularly where governments are pursuing digital options as cheap alternatives to well-resourced forms of support".…”