Artificial intelligence and the doctor–patient relationship expanding the paradigm of shared decision making

Lorenzini, Giorgia; Ossa, Laura Arbelaez; Shaw, David; Elger, Bernice Simone

doi:10.1111/bioe.13158

Cited by 48 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Statements of AI support tools could guide physicians’ decisions “more than they are aware of since their outputs affect, shape, and even stand in tension with [the physician’s] judgments, thus raising questions on who is truly guiding the decision-making process” ( 33 ). This is especially the case for divergent or contradictory judgments where the recommendations are each based on different sources of action-guiding knowledge (e.g., AI support, guidelines from medical societies, medical theory).…”

Section: Discussing the Impact Of Ai Support On The Decision-making A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Physician’s autonomy in the face of AI support: walking the ethical tightrope

Funer,

Wiesing

2024

Front. Med.

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The introduction of AI support tools raises questions about the normative orientation of medical practice and the need to rethink its basic concepts. One of these concepts that is central to the discussion is the physician’s autonomy and its appropriateness in the face of high-powered AI applications. In this essay, a differentiation of the physician’s autonomy is made on the basis of a conceptual analysis. It is argued that the physician’s decision-making autonomy is a purposeful autonomy. The physician’s decision-making autonomy is fundamentally anchored in the medical ethos for the purpose to promote the patient’s health and well-being and to prevent him or her from harm. It follows from this purposefulness that the physician’s autonomy is not to be protected for its own sake, but only insofar as it serves this end better than alternative means. We argue that today, given existing limitations of AI support tools, physicians still need physician’s decision-making autonomy. For the possibility of physicians to exercise decision-making autonomy in the face of AI support, we elaborate three conditions: (1) sufficient information about AI support and its statements, (2) sufficient competencies to integrate AI statements into clinical decision-making, and (3) a context of voluntariness that allows, in justified cases, deviations from AI support. If the physician should fulfill his or her moral obligation to promote the health and well-being of the patient, then the use of AI should be designed in such a way that it promotes or at least maintains the physician’s decision-making autonomy.

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Section: Discussing the Impact Of Ai Support On The Decision-making A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Physician’s autonomy in the face of AI support: walking the ethical tightrope

Funer,

Wiesing

2024

Front. Med.

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“…The 73 included studies covered a broad spectrum of medical contexts, summarised with the main ethical issues raised and key findings in Supplementary Table S2. Briefly, the most frequently addressed areas were as follows: the general use of AI for healthcare (36 studies) , the use of AI in decision support systems (eight studies) [78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94], big data (four studies) [95][96][97][98], robotics (seven studies) [99][100][101][102][103][104][105] and adaptive AI (one study) [106]. The remaining studies addressed the following: rehabilitation [107], medical education [108], monitoring technology for the elderly [109], mental health [110], radiation technology [111], chatbots [112], health apps [113] and healthcare in low-and middleincome countries [114].…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clearing the Fog: A Scoping Literature Review on the Ethical Issues Surrounding Artificial Intelligence-Based Medical Devices

Maccaro,

Stokes,

Statham

et al. 2024

JPM

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The use of AI in healthcare has sparked much debate among philosophers, ethicists, regulators and policymakers who raised concerns about the implications of such technologies. The presented scoping review captures the progression of the ethical and legal debate and the proposed ethical frameworks available concerning the use of AI-based medical technologies, capturing key themes across a wide range of medical contexts. The ethical dimensions are synthesised in order to produce a coherent ethical framework for AI-based medical technologies, highlighting how transparency, accountability, confidentiality, autonomy, trust and fairness are the top six recurrent ethical issues. The literature also highlighted how it is essential to increase ethical awareness through interdisciplinary research, such that researchers, AI developers and regulators have the necessary education/competence or networks and tools to ensure proper consideration of ethical matters in the conception and design of new AI technologies and their norms. Interdisciplinarity throughout research, regulation and implementation will help ensure AI-based medical devices are ethical, clinically effective and safe. Achieving these goals will facilitate successful translation of AI into healthcare systems, which currently is lagging behind other sectors, to ensure timely achievement of health benefits to patients and the public.

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“…While AI can supply detailed analyses and insights, it is the human mind that effectively navigates the emotional, societal, and ethical complexities of decision-making (Biller-Andorno et al, 2021). When incorporating AI into decision-making processes, factors such as dignity, justice, and the doctor-patient relationship must be carefully considered (Bankins et al, 2022;Lorenzini et al, 2023). The use of AI in decision-making can potentially challenge the principles of interactional justice and raise concerns about dehumanization.…”

Section: Striving For Equilibrium: Ai As a Tool Not A Guidementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of AI in decision-making can potentially challenge the principles of interactional justice and raise concerns about dehumanization. It is crucial to ensure that AI supports ethical decision-making and respects the autonomy and rights of individuals (Bankins et al, 2022;Lorenzini et al, 2023;Dietzmann & Duan, 2022). The integration of AI and human decision-making should (disturbingly?)…”

Section: Striving For Equilibrium: Ai As a Tool Not A Guidementioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives about the Collaboration between Human and Artificial-Intelligence in Creative Decision-Making

Mandarano

2023

Preprint

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This perspective delves into the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in decision psychology, highlighting its potential impact on decision quality and human creativity. The authors present contrasting viewpoints regarding AI's role. Proponents emphasize its analytical capabilities, suggesting improved accuracy and data-driven decisions. Critics underscore the importance of human creativity and innovative solutions. The article explores the balance between AI's efficiency and human deliberation, touching on challenges like explainability and trust in AI systems. The collaboration between AI and human supervision is examined, underscoring the need for a synergistic approach that leverages both strengths. The authors also explore implications for neurodevelopment, ethical considerations, and the interplay between AI and human consciousness. The central theme is the delicate equilibrium between AI's utility and the essence of human ingenuity. The perspective concludes by calling for a balanced contemplation of AI's potential and limitations within the realm of human exploration and decision-making.

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Artificial intelligence and the doctor–patient relationship expanding the paradigm of shared decision making

Cited by 48 publications

References 7 publications

Physician’s autonomy in the face of AI support: walking the ethical tightrope

Physician’s autonomy in the face of AI support: walking the ethical tightrope

Clearing the Fog: A Scoping Literature Review on the Ethical Issues Surrounding Artificial Intelligence-Based Medical Devices

Perspectives about the Collaboration between Human and Artificial-Intelligence in Creative Decision-Making

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