Artificial Intelligence-Based Data-Driven Strategy to Accelerate Research, Development, and Clinical Trials of COVID Vaccine

Abstract

The global COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic, which was caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has resulted in a significant loss of human life around the world. The SARS-CoV-2 has caused significant problems to medical systems and healthcare facilities due to its unexpected global expansion. Despite all of the efforts, developing effective treatments, diagnostic techniques, and vaccinations for this unique virus is a top priority and takes a long time. However, the foremost step in vaccine development is to identify possible antigens for a vaccine. The traditional method was time taking, but after the breakthrough technology of reverse vaccinology (RV) was introduced in 2000, it drastically lowers the time needed to detect antigens ranging from 5–15 years to 1–2 years. The different RV tools work based on machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI). Models based on AI and ML have shown promising solutions in accelerating the discovery and optimization of new antivirals or effective vaccine candidates. In the present scenario, AI has been extensively used for drug and vaccine research against SARS-COV-2 therapy discovery. This is more useful for the identification of potential existing drugs with inhibitory human coronavirus by using different datasets. The AI tools and computational approaches have led to speedy research and the development of a vaccine to fight against the coronavirus. Therefore, this paper suggests the role of artificial intelligence in the field of clinical trials of vaccines and clinical practices using different tools.

Automated responses to the coronavirus disease-19 pandemic: An overview

“…In both cases, the goal was to derive insights from the automated processing of large amounts of data to overcome the temporal disjunction between the viral spread and lagging symptoms. At the same time, automated information processing systems play an increasingly important role in drug discovery and testing and were used by Pfizer to accelerate the findings of clinical trials by automatically analyzing, processing, and ‘cleaning’ the data (Sharma et al, 2022).…”

Making the Case for Quantum Mechanics in Predictive Toxicology─Nearly 100 Years Too Late?

“…One could define the dilemma of future model development by how we decide to allocate our large (but finite) resources. We can invest into physics-driven (QM) models or data-driven approaches based on AI (artificial intelligence), which has been reshaping our scientific enterprise in recent years, from predicting outcomes of chemical reactions to supporting vaccine research and clinical trials . In principle, QM and AI can coexist in predictive toxicology, whereby QM is used to calculate descriptors and AI constructs relationships between descriptors and toxicity outcomes.…”

“…We can invest into physics-driven (QM) models or data-driven approaches based on AI (artificial intelligence), which has been reshaping our scientific enterprise in recent years, from predicting outcomes of chemical reactions 71 to supporting vaccine research and clinical trials. 72 In principle, QM and AI can coexist in predictive toxicology, 73 whereby QM is used to calculate descriptors and AI constructs relationships between descriptors and toxicity outcomes. However, both approaches are quite power-hungry, so, in practice, the need for big data by AI limits generation of computationally demanding QM descriptors.…”

Maslow’s Views on Technology and Culture: A Millennial’s Response to “Toward a Humanistic Biology”

“…Autonomous vehicles are available for purchase (Harwood & Eaves, 2020). Prosthetic organs are manufactured to replace, repair, or restore failed and defective organs (Wang, 2019), and most impressive, is the development of artificial intelligence (AI) that is used for a host of different tasks and projects (Sharma et al, 2022). Westerman et al (2020) researched the effects of human and AI communication.…”

“…Although technology has been cited to affect interpersonal relations, technology has provided major contributions to humanity. Amid the 2019 global coronavirus disease pandemic, researchers were able to use AI to accelerate the development and clinical trials of a COVID vaccine (Sharma et al, 2022). To treat individuals in health care settings, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners, dialysis machines, heart valves, infusion pumps, and even antibiotics use modern-day technology including AI (Thimbleby, 2013).…”