Artificial Intelligence developments in medical education: a conceptual and practical framework

Masters, Ken

doi:10.15694/mep.2020.000239.1

Cited by 13 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…Our results showed an overall consensus that the current knowledge of AI among physicians is at an alarmingly low level and insufficient for future physicians. 55 Previous literature has proclaimed the importance of AI incorporation into the medical school curriculum. 37 AI holds the potential to transform lives across the United States through increased economic prosperity, improved educational opportunities, and quality of life.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on our results of the previous literature, we found that the lack of knowledge in AI among medical school faculty is the single most important hindrance in incorporating it among the curriculum. 34 , 47 , 49 , 55 Medical school faculty simply have no understanding of how to implement this change. 35 Therefore, we propose an advanced initiative to propel this change.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Educating Future Physicians in Artificial Intelligence (AI): An Integrative Review and Proposed Changes

Grunhut

Wyatt

Marques

2021

Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development

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BACKGROUND As medicine and the delivery of healthcare enters the age of Artificial Intelligence (AI), the need for competent human–machine interaction to aid clinical decisions will rise. Medical students need to be sufficiently proficient in AI, its advantages to improve healthcare's expenses, quality, and access. Similarly, students must be educated about the shortfalls of AI such as bias, transparency, and liability. Overlooking a technology that will be transformative for the foreseeable future would place medical students at a disadvantage. However, there has been little interest in researching a proper method to implement AI in the medical education curriculum. This study aims to review the current literature that covers the attitudes of medical students towards AI, implementation of AI in the medical curriculum, and describe the need for more research in this area. METHODS An integrative review was performed to combine data from various research designs and literature. Pubmed, Medline (Ovid), GoogleScholar, and Web of Science articles between 2010 and 2020 were all searched with particular inclusion and exclusion criteria. Full text of the selected articles was analyzed using the Extension of Technology Acceptance Model and the Diffusions of Innovations theory. Data were successively pooled together, recorded, and analyzed quantitatively using a modified Hawkings evaluation form. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses was utilized to help improve reporting. RESULTS A total of 39 articles meeting inclusion criteria were identified. Primary assessments of medical students attitudes were identified (n = 5). Plans to implement AI in the curriculum for the purpose of teaching students about AI (n = 6) and articles reporting actual implemented changes (n = 2) were assessed. Finally, 26 articles described the need for more research on this topic or calling for the need of change in medical curriculum to anticipate AI in healthcare. CONCLUSIONS There are few plans or implementations reported on how to incorporate AI in the medical curriculum. Medical schools must work together to create a longitudinal study and initiative on how to successfully equip medical students with knowledge in AI.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Educating Future Physicians in Artificial Intelligence (AI): An Integrative Review and Proposed Changes

Grunhut

Wyatt

Marques

2021

Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development

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“…An anonymized survey was adapted and modified with permission from Goh and Sandars 13 and Masters. 12 The survey is composed of 25 closed-ended questions (Supplemental Appendix A) distributed among 5 sections as follows: demographics section (6 items), familiarity section (2 items), attitude section (14 items), expected application in medicine section (3 items), and possible risks section (1 item). Five of the questions used a 5-point ordinal Likert scale (1=strongly disagree to 5=strongly agree).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They should be aware of the advantages and disadvantages of AI-powered medical technologies and acquire the needed skills to work in the upcoming AI medical ecosystem. 12 It is even expected that AI will be a main element in the medical curriculum in the future. 13 There is no agreement on how much and where AI should be introduced in medical education.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are physicians and medical students ready for artificial intelligence applications in healthcare?

AlZaabi¹,

AlMaskari²,

AalAbdulsalam

2023

DIGITAL HEALTH

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Background Artificial intelligence (AI) Healthcare applications are listed in the national visions of some Gulf Cooperation Council countries. A successful use of AI depends on the attitude and perception of medical experts of its applications. Objective To evaluate physicians and medical students’ attitude and perception on AI applications in healthcare. Method A web-based survey was disseminated by email to physicians and medical students. Results A total of 293 (82 physicians and 211 medical students) individuals have participated (response rate is 27%). Seven participants (9%) reported knowing nothing about AI, while 208 (69%) were aware that it is an emerging field and would like to learn about it. Concerns about AI impact on physicians’ employability were not prominent. Instead, the majority (n=159) agreed that new positions will be created and the job market for those who embrace AI will increase. They reported willingness to adapt AI in practice if it was incorporated in international guidelines (30.5%), published in respected scientific journals (17.1%), or included in formal training (12.2%). Almost two of the three participants agreed that dedicated courses will help them to implement AI. The most commonly reported problem of AI is its inability to provide opinions in unexpected scenarios. Half of the participants think that both the manufacturer and physicians should be legally liable for medical errors occur due to AI-based decision support tools while more than one-third (36.77%) think that physicians who make the final decision should be legally liable. Senior physicians were found to be less familiar with AI and more concerned about physicians’ legal liability in case of a medical error. Conclusion Physicians and medical students showed positive attitudes and willingness to learn about AI applications in healthcare. Introducing AI learning objectives or short courses in medical curriculum would help to equip physicians with the needed skills for AI-augmented healthcare system.

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“…A conceptual framework (11) discussing the prospect of incorporating AI in the medical training has been recently designed (12). Although the framework discusses AI content to be included in the curriculum and administrative issues which may need to be overcome, the desire of the medical and dental students to be taught AI related concepts is yet to be elucidated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial Intelligence in Medicine: A Multinational Multi-Center Survey on the Medical and Dental Students' Perception

Bisdas

Topriceanu

Zakrzewska

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

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Background: The emerging field of artificial intelligence (AI) will probably affect the practice for the next generation of doctors. However, the students' views on AI have not been largely investigated.Methods: An anonymous electronic survey on AI was designed for medical and dental students to explore: (1) sources of information about AI, (2) AI applications and concerns, (3) AI status as a topic in medicine, and (4) students' feelings and attitudes. The questionnaire was advertised on social media platforms in 2020. Security measures were employed to prevent fraudulent responses. Mann-Whitney U-test was employed for all comparisons. A sensitivity analysis was also performed by binarizing responses to express disagreement and agreement using the Chi-squared test.Results: Three thousand one hundred thirty-three respondents from 63 countries from all continents were included. Most respondents reported having at least a moderate understanding of the technologies underpinning AI and of their current application, with higher agreement associated with being male (p < 0.0001), tech-savvy (p < 0.0001), pre-clinical student (p < 0.006), and from a developed country (p < 0.04). Students perceive AI as a partner rather than a competitor (72.2%) with a higher agreement for medical students (p = 0.002). The belief that AI will revolutionize medicine and dentistry (83.9%) with greater agreement for students from a developed country (p = 0.0004) was noted. Most students agree that the AI developments will make medicine and dentistry more exciting (69.9%), that AI shall be part of the medical training (85.6%) and they are eager to incorporate AI in their future practice (99%).Conclusion: Currently, AI is a hot topic in medicine and dentistry. Students have a basic understanding of AI principles, a positive attitude toward AI and would like to have it incorporated into their training.

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Artificial Intelligence developments in medical education: a conceptual and practical framework

Cited by 13 publications

References 81 publications

Educating Future Physicians in Artificial Intelligence (AI): An Integrative Review and Proposed Changes

Educating Future Physicians in Artificial Intelligence (AI): An Integrative Review and Proposed Changes

Are physicians and medical students ready for artificial intelligence applications in healthcare?

Artificial Intelligence in Medicine: A Multinational Multi-Center Survey on the Medical and Dental Students' Perception

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