Artificial Intelligence in Basic and Clinical Neuroscience: Opportunities and Ethical Challenges

Abstract

The analysis of large amounts of personal data with artificial neural networks for deep learning is the driving technology behind new artificial intelligence (AI) systems for all areas in science and technology. These AI methods have evolved from applications in computer vision, the automated analysis of images, and now include frameworks and methods for analyzing multimodal datasets that combine data from many different source, including biomedical devices, smartphones and common user behavior in cyberspace. For neuroscience, these widening streams of personal data and machine learning methods provide many opportunities for basic data-driven research as well as for developing new tools for diagnostic, predictive and therapeutic applications for disorders of the nervous system. The increasing automation and autonomy of AI systems, however, also creates substantial ethical challenges for basic research and medical applications. Here, scientific and medical opportunities as well ethical challenges are summarized and discussed.

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“…Figure 3 represents a summarizing show which cover all possible ethics issues in BCI that proposed by Coin, et al, [9], which includes three signals, and then transition of that signals information into a receiver machine such as a computer. That BCI has the ability to read brain signals data and apply it in the control process for a specific activity [5]. However, in the implanted process of BCI device from Neuralink Company, about 3072 electrodes per array with 32 electrodes per bundle are inserted by robot.…”

Engineering Ethics of Neuralink Brain Computer Interfaces Devices

“…Generally, the main components and steps in any BCI process were shown in Figure 1, which includes firstly an implanted array of electrodes to read brain signals, and then transition of that signals information into a receiver machine such as a computer. That BCI has the ability to read brain signals data and apply it in the control process for a specific activity [5]. However, in the implanted process of BCI device from Neuralink Company, about 3072 electrodes per array with 32 electrodes per bundle are inserted by robot.…”

“…The second challenge is to clarify the hazards and research ethics officially from the producer and the organizations. Where, spreading the culture and increasing the awareness regarding the BCI devices not just between the specialist scientist but also between public society, such as the EU and the UNESCO, play a significant role to solve the fair access of both technology and its ethics [5]. Therefore, the transparency of using these devices has to be highly clear to avoid the deception with or without intention, and to make and encourage equality and fair in the society.…”

“…This ethics issue could be happened by shared such a hybrid agency between these implanted devices and human body that makes limitation in the humanity autonomy range in different activities of life. Kellmeyer P, et al [5] pointed out implanting implanted devices inside humanity brain giving a permission and high ability of these systems in some cases to share the brain thinking or processing activities and maybe making decisions [5]. That is raising a question whether a human or a machine is who would be responsible for machine errors if it happened, which makes un-follow of public rules or leads to an unintended accident.…”

“…A receiver machine such as computer 4. Which has ability to read brain signals data 5.To apply it in control process for a specific activity[5].…”