Artificial Intelligence in Crime Counteraction, Prediction, Prevention and Evolution

Abstract

Crime prediction, prevention and counteraction with the use of modern technologies should, according to the authors, become a priority task for the state, along with the development of economy, education, medicine and the enhancement of defense capacity. The article describes the concepts of «artificial intelligence», «machine learning», «big data», «deep learning», «neural networks» from the standpoint of how they are used both by criminals and by law enforcement bodies and courts. The authors examine the application of technologies which use artificial intelligence, hi tech crime (fishing, drones, fake information, bots, and so on). They outline modern software solutions based on artificial intelligence and aimed at counteracting crime: software that analyzes big volumes of data, processing of stream videos, facial recognition, contextual searching platforms, etc. The authors also describe the existing resources for predictive analytics (in particular, inter-agency experimental software «Artificial Intelligence in Police Work and Investigation of Criminal Offences»; software for recognizing people based on fragments of their tattoos; facial recognition of people after plastic surgeries in pictures and stream videos, with the generation of variants of their original appearance; platform of contextual intelligence Nigel; system Mayhem and others) and how they can be used to predict both crimes in general and individual criminal behavior. The authors also outline ethical dilemmas connected with legal decisions made by artificial intelligence regarding specific people. They present examples of using artificial intelligence for crime prevention (software COMPAS, criminal community’s psychometric prediction system, Harm Assessment Risk Tool, analytical software complex CEG, crime prediction system PredPol, ePOOLICE system, Palantir software, Russian system «Artificial intelligence»). They also outline the indicators of the early crime prevention system: indicators of matching, lagging, cyclical and counter-cyclical indicators. The authors state that Russia is lagging behind other countries in its use of artificial intelligence in law enforcement and suggest adopting the Modern Strategy of Crime Counteraction, Prediction and Prevention. Possible directions of this strategy are described.

Pressing Issues of Unlawful Application of Artificial Intelligence

“…The scientific literature provides a similar definition of AI (Sukhodolov, Bychkova, 2018. Begishev, Latypova, & Kirpichnikov, 2020.…”

Branch Interpretation And Regulatory Function Of Information Law

“…The introduction of information technologies at the level of artificial intelligence (Sukhodolov & Bychkova, 2018); the usage of Internet technologies against minors (Bastrykin, 2017); the appearance of digital relations in the sphere of politics and the judicial system; the beginning of the era of using and https://doi.org/10. 15405/epsbs.2021.05.02.220 Corresponding Author: Elena Semukhina Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the Organizing Committee of the conference eISSN: 2357-1330 1765 applying digital evidences in judicial practice (Grigoryev et al, 2019); the usage of information technology to provide the safety of individuals, society and the state are of particular importance in this matter (Pastukhov & Losavio, 2017).…”

Criminal Legal Support for Safeguarding the Citizens’ Digital Rights

“…In this regard, the knowledge of ways to protect digital information from criminal encroachments is becoming increasingly important [4][5][6][7][8]. Computer attacks [9][10] and other information security incidents negatively affect the performance of the organization [11][12][13][14] and the state of its cybersecurity in the face of digital crimes [15], including in the context of a pandemic [16][17] and the development of artificial intelligence [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29].…”