Artificial Kidney. II. Construction and Operation of an Improved Continuous Dialyzer.

Skeggs, Leonard T.; Leonards, Jack R.; Heisler, Charles R.

doi:10.3181/00379727-72-17491

Cited by 65 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…The substrate derived from 25 liters of horse plasma was dialyzed in volumes of 5 to 8 liters at pH 7.0 using an artificial kidney (11). The dialyses were conducted against cold tap water for 18 hours during which time NH, was completely removed.…”

Section: Preparation Of Crude Hypertensin I--mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Purification of Hypertensin I

Skeggs

Kahn

Shumway

1954

Journal of Experimental Medicine

100

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The purification of hypertensin I has been described. The final product which is four times as powerful a pressor agent as l-arterenol, is obtained with an over-all recovery of 40 per cent. The product consists of a single component in countercurrent distribution, having a nitrogen content of 15.97 per cent and a specific activity of 7050 Goldblatt units per mg. of N or 1125 units per mg. of solid. Acid hydrolysis and paper chromatography indicate in a preliminary fashion that there are about nine amino acids present in the intact polypeptide.

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Section: Preparation Of Crude Hypertensin I--mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Purification of Hypertensin I

Skeggs

Kahn

Shumway

1954

Journal of Experimental Medicine

100

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“…These conditions were maintained for 30 minutes; during this period, residual hypertensinase was destroyed (reference 7, page 133). The pH was then adjusted to 7.5 with 2.5 N NaOH and the solution dialyzed in an artificial kidney (8) in the cold against tap and then distilled water until it was completely free of ammonia and chloride. The volume at this stage was approximately ~ that of the original plasma and usually contained enough substrate to yield 1.0 to 1.5 Goldbhtt units (9) of hypertensin per ml.…”

Section: Metkodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Existence of Two Forms of Hypertensin

Skeggs

Marsh

Kahn

et al. 1954

Journal of Experimental Medicine

407

111

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The pressor substance hypertensin, which is the product of the action of the renal enzyme renin upon its plasma substrate, has been shown to be present in the arterial blood of many patients with hypertensive cardiovascular disease (1) as well as in the arterial blood of animals with experimental renal hypertension (2--4). Hypertensin may, therefore, be concerned in causing the elevation of blood pressure in both of these conditions. In the course of attempts to purify this material it was found that certain preparations, when examined by means of the countercurrent distribution method, revealed not one but two pressor substances. Further study of this completely unexpected finding showed that the initial pressor substance, hypertensin I, formed as a result of the action of renin on its substrate, is quickly converted to a second substance with approximately equal pressor activity, hypertensin II, apparently by an enzyme in plasma, which is activated by chloride ion. I t is the purpose of this paper to describe the preparation of hypertensin I from suitable preparations of renin and substrate, to demonstrate its conversion to hypertensin I I by the action of the plasma enzyme, and to determine which ions are effective in activating this enzyme. MetkodsPreparation of Renin.--The renin was prepared from fresh hog kidneys according to the method described by Katz and Goldblatt (5) and modified by Dexter (6). Tiffs preparation contained a considerable amount of hypertensinase activity which was eliminated (reference 7, page 101) in the following fashion. Renin, prepared from 100 pounds of hog kidneys by ammonium sulfate precipitation, was dissolved in 1.5 liters of water. The solution was chilled to 0-5°C. and sufficient solid sodium chloride was added to insure complete saturation. 0.1 N HCI, saturated with NaC1, wa~nthen dripped into the solution slowly and with constant stirring until the pH dropped to 2.0. The solution was centrifuged at high speed at 0-5°C. The supernatant containing the hypertensinase was decanted and discarded. The precipitate was dissolved in 1 liter of cold 0.1 ~ Na,I-IPO4. The light brown solution was adjusted to pH 7.5, put into small diameter cellophane bags, and dialyzed exhaustively against cold distilled water. The resulting product, with a volume of about 1.25 liters, was found to be uniformly free of hypertensinase. Usually 1 volume of this enzyme preparation was adequate to catalyze the formation of hypertensin in 25 volumes of the substrate preparation described below in a period of 30 to 45 minutes when this mixture was incubated at 37°C. and pH 7.5.Preparation of Substrate.--Horse blood was collected in ~0 volume of 4 per cent sodium

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“…Calcification of the damaged renal parenchyma occurred in all of these cases. A number of the dogs in this group were haemodialysed by means of an artificial kidney (Skeggs, Leonards, and Heisler, 1949) without any apparent effect on the amount or distribution of the calcification. A control group of dogs was not subjected to removal of the contralateral kidney; no calcification occurred in the infarcted areas whether the arterial occlusion was permanent or temporary.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bilateral renal cortical necrosis associated with calcification: report of a case and a review of aetiology

Phillips¹

1962

J Clin Pathol

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Clinico-pathological details are given of a patient who survived bilateral renal cortical necrosis for 44 days as a result of treatment by haemodialysis. Cortical calcification was demonstrable radiologically in life and at necropsy.The literature pertaining to renal ischaemic damage and calcification is reviewed. Conclusions are drawn as to the mechanism that produces renal cortical calcification in the light of previous experimental work and the study of the present case.It is suggested that the widespread use of haemodialysis in treatment is likely to result in the detection of an increasing number of such cases.

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Artificial Kidney. II. Construction and Operation of an Improved Continuous Dialyzer.

Cited by 65 publications

References 0 publications

The Purification of Hypertensin I

The Purification of Hypertensin I

The Existence of Two Forms of Hypertensin

Bilateral renal cortical necrosis associated with calcification: report of a case and a review of aetiology

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