Artificial Lipid Membranes: Past, Present, and Future

Siontorou, Christina G.; Nikoleli, Georgia‐Paraskevi; Nikolelis, Dimitrios P.; Karapetis, Stephanos

doi:10.3390/membranes7030038

Cited by 142 publications

(150 citation statements)

References 159 publications

(214 reference statements)

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“…A variety of methods for artificial lipid vesicles (liposomes) formation has been already described [36]. These methods differ depending on desired properties of the liposomes, i.e., size, the number of lipid membranes, etc.…”

Section: Medical Importance Of Liposomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signal generation and storage in FRET-based nanocommunications

Kmiecik

Wójcik

Kułakowski

et al. 2019

Nano Communication Networks

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The paper is concerned with Fӧrster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) considered as a mechanism for communication between nanodevices. Two solved issues are reported in the paper, namely: signal generation and signal storage in FRET-based nanonetworks. First, luciferase molecules as FRET transmitters which are able to generate FRET signals themselves, taking energy from chemical reactions without any external light exposure, are proposed. Second, channelrhodopsins as FRET receivers, as they can convert FRET signals into voltage, are suggested. Further, medical in-body systems where both molecule types might be successfully applied, are discussed. Luciferasechannelrhodopsin communication is modeled and its performance is numerically validated, reporting on its throughput, bit error rate, propagation delay and energy consumption. IntroductionWith the current rapid development of technology, electronic and mechanical devices can be much smaller than even a decade ago, at the same time gaining new operating functionalities. However, when the device scale goes to the size of single molecules, cooperation between such devices and contacting them from outside their networks become quite challenging issues. Fӧrster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET), a phenomenon characterized by very small propagation delays and a good throughput, has already been proposed for nanocommunications [1] and has been proved to be an efficient mechanism for transferring data at nanodistances [2][3][4]. Research on FRET for nanocommunication purposes and its integration with other elements on nanoworld is though at an early stage.The main contribution of the paper is solving two issues that, until now, were not solved for FRETbased communications [5]. The first issue is concerned with FRET signal storage. A molecule receiving a FRET signal cannot hold it and the signal must quickly be released, usually emitting a photon. Here, we propose to use channelrhodopsins which are molecules that can be used as nanoconverters, changing FRET signals into a voltage which can be detected by other devices. The second issue concerns FRET signal generation. In FRET nanocommunication experiments so far, a FRET transmission was initiated by an external laser source, which is rather troublesome inside a human body. Instead, we propose bioluminescent luciferase molecules as FRET transmitters, which are able to generate FRET signals themselves, taking energy from chemical reactions. We further discuss medical in-body systems where such FRET-based communication between luciferases and channelrhodopsins might be applied. We consider a system of small vesicles, liposomes, circulating through human vascular system and collecting data about body condition. The data gathered by liposomes are delivered to a detector placed in a human vein. Data transmission is realized by a luciferase-channelrhodopsin FRET interface. We model layers of luciferase and channelrhodopsin molecules based on their molecular structures and then we use their spectral characteristics to assess the e...

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Section: Medical Importance Of Liposomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signal generation and storage in FRET-based nanocommunications

Kmiecik

Wójcik

Kułakowski

et al. 2019

Nano Communication Networks

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“…Polyethylene glycol (PEG) has a stealth characteristic and can impart the nanogels with invisibility or a cloaking effect, so PEG modification was used to determine whether it can increase endocytosis. Meanwhile, lipids can alter the way through which nanogels enter into cells via membrane fusion, and thus lipid modification was also used to determine whether lipid modification can promote endocytosis. The surfaces of the dextran and chitosan oligosaccharide hybrid nanogels were cationic, so they were modified with HA via electrostatic adsorption.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorescent Polysaccharide Nanogels for the Detection of Tumor Heterogeneity in Drug‐Surviving Cancer Cells

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2019

Adv. Biosys.

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Tumor metastasis, recurrence, and drug resistance have been associated with tumor heterogeneity, and thus the identification of tumor heterogeneity has great significance in medicine. The approach provides a way to identify and isolate various cell subtypes from drug‐surviving ovarian cancer cells, by synthesizing a series of polysaccharide nanogels and using them in flow cytometry analysis. The results show that the drug‐surviving OVCAR‐3 cells that are subjected to paclitaxel intervention comprise various cell subtypes, including drug‐resistant and non‐drug‐resistant cell subtypes. Besides, there are significant differences between the drug‐resistant cell subtype and non‐drug‐resistant cell subtype in terms of their migration and invasion behavior. In addition, the phenotype switch genes are detected by mRNA sequencing, and it is found that different subtypes show significant genetic differences with regard to their drug resistance, metastasis, and proliferation. In particular, modifying polysaccharide nanogels with lipids can promote the uptake of nanogels by drug‐resistant cells, and thus the lipid modification can enhance the effectiveness of a chemotherapy drug carrier against drug‐resistant cells. These studies reveal the heterogeneity of drug‐surviving tumor cells, as well as the significant differences in drug‐resistance, migration, and invasion capabilities of different subtypes, and demonstrate a way to overcome drug resistance.

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“…This was important for a deep investigation of chemoreception and even in sensor engineering. Over the years, scientific literature of artificial lipid membranes and, of course, liposomes, expanded and went beyond the initial purposes [8]. In this paragraph, we focused on the state-of-the-art of artificial lipid models by discussing their multiple applications and future perspectives [9,10].…”

Section: Chemistry Of Liposomes: From Models To New Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liposomal Cytarabine as Cancer Therapy: From Chemistry to Medicine

et al. 2019

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Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. The main modality to fight against cancer is surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, and more recently targeted therapy, gene therapy and immunotherapy, which play important roles in treating cancer patients. In the last decades, chemotherapy has been well developed. Nonetheless, administration of the drug is not always successful, as limited drug dosage can reach the tumor cells.. In this context, the possibility to use an encapsulated anti-cancer drug may potentially solve the problem. Liposomal cytarabine is a formulation with pronounced effectiveness in lymphomatous meningitis and reduced cardiotoxicity if compared to liposomal anthracyclines. Thus, the future liposomal cytarabine use could be extended to other diseases given its reduction in cytotoxic side effects compared to the free formulation. This review summarizes the chemistry and biology of liposomal cytarabine, with exploration of its clinical implications.

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Artificial Lipid Membranes: Past, Present, and Future

Cited by 142 publications

References 159 publications

Signal generation and storage in FRET-based nanocommunications

Signal generation and storage in FRET-based nanocommunications

Fluorescent Polysaccharide Nanogels for the Detection of Tumor Heterogeneity in Drug‐Surviving Cancer Cells

Liposomal Cytarabine as Cancer Therapy: From Chemistry to Medicine

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