Artificial means for restoring vision

Hossain, Parwez; Seetho, Ian; Browning, Andrew C.; Amoaku, Winfried M. K.

doi:10.1136/bmj.330.7481.30

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…However, there is optimism for the future with the development of novel treatments including gene replacement, 1,2 tissue transplantation, [3][4][5] and retinal prosthesis. 6,7 Common among these approaches is their targeting of the subretinal and epiretinal layers. However, as it is known that retinal remodelling can occur during the course of retinal degeneration (rd) in RP, [8][9][10] the success of any therapeutic approach could rely on our ability to form an accurate evaluation of the status of the structure and function of individual retina.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between multifocal electroretinograms and OCT retinal thickness in retinitis pigmentosa patients with good visual acuity

Wolsley

Silvestri

O’Neill

et al. 2008

Eye

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Aims To investigate relationships between retinal morphology and retinal function in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and multifocal electroretinography (mfERG). Methods In all, 14 patients with RP who had visual acuities of 0.2 logMAR or better and Humphrey central fields of 101 or larger participated in the study along with 16 normal control subjects. The amplitudes and timings of the mfERG responses were compared with spatially corresponding measures of retinal layer thickness from OCT within the macula region (central 121). Results Eyes with RP showed thinning of the photoreceptor retinal (PR) layer and thickening of mid-inner retinal (MIR) layers beyond the fovea. mfERG amplitude was reduced in all regions, whereas mfERG timing was only significantly delayed at a retinal eccentricity of 6-121 and was otherwise preserved within the foveal and parafoveal retina (0-61). PR layer thickness was correlated with mfERG amplitude across the macula region. mfERG timing was correlated with the total change in retinal thickness (combined PR thinning and MIR thickening) at an eccentricity of 6-121. Conclusions The relationship between mfERG timing and retinal thickness in RP is dependent on the retinal eccentricity. Preserved timing in the central retina (0-61), despite significant disruption to retinal laminar structure, could be suggestive of inner retinal remodelling or functional redundancy.Cone system activity derived from mfERG amplitude appears to be related to the thickness of the photoreceptor layer in the macula region.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between multifocal electroretinograms and OCT retinal thickness in retinitis pigmentosa patients with good visual acuity

Wolsley

Silvestri

O’Neill

et al. 2008

Eye

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“…The most ubiquitous sensory neural prosthesis is by far the cochlear implant [5]. With the limitations of the cochlear implant in mind, the artificial visual prosthesis [6] is certainly substantially more ambitious. While both cochlear implants and retina stimulators operate by artificially manipulating the peripheral nervous system, less research has been conducted on direct electrical interaction with the human central nervous system, and in particular the brain.…”

Section: Medical Application Of Implantable Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Enhancement: Could you become infected with a computer virus?

Gasson

2010

2010 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society

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Experiments demonstrating human enhancement through the implantation of technology in healthy humans have been performed for over a decade by some academic research groups. More recently, technology enthusiasts have begun to realize the potential of implantable technology such as glass capsule RFID transponders. In this paper it is argued that implantable RFID devices have evolved to the point whereby we should consider the devices themselves as simple computers. Presented here is the infection with a computer virus of an RFID device implanted in a human. Coupled with our developing concept of what constitutes the human body and its boundaries, it is argued that this study has given rise to the world's first human infected with a computer virus. It has taken the wider academic community some time to agree that meaningful discourse on the topic of implantable technology is of value. As developments in medical technologies point to greater possibilities for enhancement, this shift in thinking is not too soon in coming.

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“…Ever since the eighteenth century, scientists have sought to restore vision with the use of electrical stimulation of the eye or visual cortex [ 5 ]. In the 1920s and 1930s, the German neurosurgeon Foerster discovered that direct electrical stimulation of the visual cortex caused blind patients to detect a spot of light, known as a phosphine [ 6 ].…”

Section: History Of Visual Prostheticsmentioning

confidence: 99%