Artificial Muscles: High Performance Artificial Muscles to Engineer a Ventricular Cardiac Assist Device and Future Perspectives of a Cardiac Sleeve (Adv. Mater. Technol. 5/2021)

Kongahage, Dharshika; Ruhparwar, Arjang; Foroughi, Javad

doi:10.1002/admt.202170025

Cited by 7 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…Electrothermally actuated cardiac sleeves. [ 125 ] The assessment of the AHM in a lamb heart a) the muscle wrapped around the heart, a1) lamb heart, a2) AHM, a3) glass tube, b) screenshot of the video of deactivated status of AHM, c) activated AHM and h is the difference in liquid level by 1.5 cm wide sample as a heart sleeve. d) The pressure timegraphs of electronically operated AHM illustrates full operating cycle including the start and end cycles of the device, and e) magnifying view of the area highlighted in the graph.…”

Section: Direct Cardiac Compression Soft Robotics Sleevesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This allowed the system to operate at a frequency of 1.4 Hz providing 84 beat cycles/min with a pre‐determined range of 120–80 mmHg at phases of heating and cooling, demonstrating the potential use of electrothermally driven models in heart failure and the ability to operate at pressures compatible with the left ventricle (Figure 5d,e). [ 125 ]…”

Section: Direct Cardiac Compression Soft Robotics Sleevesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, a 600‐fold higher blocked force and 13‐fold specific force generated were reported in the artificial heart sleeve when compared with a cardiac tissue patch. [ 125 ] The further development of a biocompatible heat insulation interface between the actuating sleeve and contacting tissue remains an area of research.…”

Section: Direct Cardiac Compression Soft Robotics Sleevesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 97 ] Kongahage and colleagues also demonstrated the establishment of a pulsatile flow through their AHM device. [ 125 ] Indeed, by abandoning the pneumatic drive technology and focusing on electrical power they could generate a desired systolic pressure of 120 mmHg, and when the electricity input was cut‐off the pressure reached the lower limit of 80 mmHg (Figure 5d), representing the optimal human blood pressure levels. [ 125 ] Adjusting the higher and lower pressure limits was possible through software programs, which, in clinical practice could be theoretically modulated to fit the needs of the patient.…”

Section: From Soft Robotic Sleeve To Complete Soft Robotic Vad: Key F...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Artificial Muscles and Soft Robotic Devices for Treatment of End‐Stage Heart Failure

et al. 2023

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Medical soft robotics constitutes a rapidly developing field in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, with a promising future for millions of patients suffering from heart failure worldwide. Herein, the present state and future direction of artificial muscle‐based soft robotic biomedical devices in supporting the inotropic function of the heart are reviewed, focusing on the emerging electrothermally artificial heart muscles (AHMs). Artificial muscle powered soft robotic devices can mimic the action of complex biological systems such as heart compression and twisting. These artificial muscles possess the ability to undergo complex deformations, aiding cardiac function while maintaining a limited weight and use of space. Two very promising candidates for artificial muscles are electrothermally actuated AHMs and biohybrid actuators using living cells or tissue embedded with artificial structures. Electrothermally actuated AHMs have demonstrated superior force generation while creating the prospect for fully soft robotic actuated ventricular assist devices. This review will critically analyze the limitations of currently available devices and discuss opportunities and directions for future research. Last, the properties of the cardiac muscle are reviewed and compared with those of different materials suitable for mechanical cardiac compression.

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Section: Direct Cardiac Compression Soft Robotics Sleevesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Direct Cardiac Compression Soft Robotics Sleevesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Direct Cardiac Compression Soft Robotics Sleevesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: From Soft Robotic Sleeve To Complete Soft Robotic Vad: Key F...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Artificial Muscles and Soft Robotic Devices for Treatment of End‐Stage Heart Failure

et al. 2023

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“…Artificial muscles deforming under specific stimuli can output mechanical work, [ 1–3 ] poised to advance the field of soft robots, [ 4–6 ] micro aerial vehicles, [ 7 ] motion‐assisted devices, [ 8,9 ] etc. Liquid crystal elastomer (LCE), which undergoes order–disorder transition, generates large and reversible deformation under external triggers and has been received much attention towards the application of artificial muscles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrafast, High‐Contractile Electrothermal‐Driven Liquid Crystal Elastomer Fibers towards Artificial Muscles

Sun

Wang

Liao

et al. 2021

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100

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For example, when an LCE fiber is lifting a heavy load, a high contraction ratio produces a larger displacement and thus a higher external work output. A fast contraction rate, on the other hand, shortens the time required to lift the load and increases the work efficiency of the LCE fiber. In nature, human skeletal muscle can produce larger than 40% contraction at a contraction rate of higher than 50% s −1 , [1,18] allowing it to perform intense movements. For example, when humans are doing sports, e.g., basketball shooting, their muscles can contract both substantially and rapidly. However, none of the LCE fibers reported so far can simultaneously deform with a large contraction ratio and fast contraction rate comparable to human muscles, restricting its applications to conduct intense movements. To date, thermal-responsive LCE fibers are capable of generating large deformation. [19][20][21][22] But the heating rate is limited by the low thermal conductivity of air, leading to a slow contraction of LCE. Second, although light is a precise and fast stimulus, it can only propagate along a straight line. Thus, photo-responsive LCE fibers are usually exposed to light only on one side and typically demonstrate bending deformation, bringing about difficulties to achieve substantial contractile deformation. [23][24][25][26] Overall, with the development of LCE fibers, the gap that LCE fibers can output large contraction at an ultrafast rate needs to be filled.Herein, we report electrothermal-responsive liquid metal (LM) containing LCE (LM-LCE) fibers that can export large contraction with an ultrafast speed. Comparing to rigid conductive fillers, the fluidic property of LM alleviates the restriction to the deformation of LCE, [27,28] ensuring a large contraction generated by LCE. As a high temporal resolution stimulus, the electrical trigger (e.g., voltage value and pulse time) can be adjusted to achieve high instantaneous input of electrical energy and rapidly heat the entire LM-LCE fibers, resulting in a high contraction rate. The electrothermal-responsive LM-LCE fibers can be used as artificial muscles to drive soft robots to perform various functions with intense actuation. Result and DiscussionLM-LCE fibers were fabricated as shown in Figure 1a. First, LCE fibers oriented along the long axis were prepared according to Liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) fibers are capable of large and reversible deformations, making them an ideal artificial muscle. However, limited to stimulating source and structural design, current LCE fibers have not yet achieved both large contraction ratio and fast contraction rate to perform the intense motion. In this work, electrothermal-responsive liquid metal (LM) containing LCE (LM-LCE) fibers is reported. By introducing flexible liquid metal, LM-LCE fibers retain deformability with a large contraction ratio similar to that of pure LCE fibers and are endowed with electrical responsiveness. Applying precisely controlled electrical stimulation, the contraction ratio and rate of LM-LCE fibers ...

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Enabling High‐Performance Artificial Muscles via a High Strength Fiber Reinforcement Strategy

Zhu

Luo

Wang

et al. 2023

Adv Materials Technologies

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Coiled‐polymer‐fiber‐based artificial muscles can provide large contractile actuation stroke. However, it is a challenge to achieve high actuation load and high actuation stroke for artificial muscle simultaneously. Herein, a powerful coiled‐polymer‐fiber‐based artificial muscle with a “rigid‐and‐flexible” structure is fabricated by cotwisting rigid heterocyclic aramid (HA) fibers with flexible silver‐plated nylon (SPN) fibers. The artificial muscle based on coiled HA@SPN fibers can lift a load over 108 MPa with a fast response time of 0.6 s, which is 309 times heavier than the load that human muscle can lift, and generate a work density per temperature of 41.3 J (kg °C)−1. The coiled HA@SPN fiber muscle exhibits high actuation stability of over 30 000 cycles. The coiled HA@SPN fiber muscle can provide a contractile actuation stroke of up to 8.2% and generate an average gravimetric mechanical energy density of 702 J kg−1, which is 18.1 times that of human skeletal muscle (≈38.8 J kg−1). An average contractile power density of 1168 W kg−1 is obtained for coiled HA@SPN fiber muscle, which is 23.4 times that of human skeletal muscle (≈50 W kg−1).

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Artificial Muscles: High Performance Artificial Muscles to Engineer a Ventricular Cardiac Assist Device and Future Perspectives of a Cardiac Sleeve (Adv. Mater. Technol. 5/2021)

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Artificial Muscles and Soft Robotic Devices for Treatment of End‐Stage Heart Failure

Artificial Muscles and Soft Robotic Devices for Treatment of End‐Stage Heart Failure

Ultrafast, High‐Contractile Electrothermal‐Driven Liquid Crystal Elastomer Fibers towards Artificial Muscles

Enabling High‐Performance Artificial Muscles via a High Strength Fiber Reinforcement Strategy

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