Artificial Neural Network-Assisted Wearable Flexible Sweat Patch for Drug Management in Parkinson’s Patients Based on Vacancy-Engineered Processing of g-C₃N₄

Abstract

Herein, we developed a flexible, low-cost non-enzymatic sweat sensing chip for in situ acquisition of bioinformation in sweat of individuals under exercise conditions to advance personal health monitoring and medication management for patients with Parkinson's disease. This low-cost, flexible, wearable sweat sensor consists of a printed screen electrode modified with g-C 3 N 4 material and an external MSME element. The doping strategy and surface activation strategy of the g-C 3 N 4 -based exhibited efficient glucose oxidase-like activity and electrochemical activity when testing L-dopa and glucose in sweat. The optimized signal was transmitted to a smartphone for processing 12 individuals with simulated dosing, enabling continuous monitoring of L-dopa metabolism in sweat and management of dosing. The generalization ability and robustness of models constructed by methods such as multiple linear regression, artificial neural networks, and convolutional neural networks were compared cross-sectionally. Deep learning models based on artificial neural networks help develop a user-personalized medication administration reminder system, which provides a promising paradigm for reliable medication supervision for Parkinson's patients in the Internet of Things era.

In-Time Detection of Plant Water Status Change by Self-Adhesive, Water-Proof, and Gas-Permeable Electrodes

“…The integration of a sensor with a flexible printed circuit board (FPCB) could realize real-time detection of the signal, data logging, and visual demonstration of the results. 42 To realize the persistent monitoring of leaf capacitance and in-time monitoring of plant health status changes caused by drought stress, we integrated the sensor with FPCB to form a wireless sensing system (Figures 5a and S25). As shown in Figure S26, the system mainly consisted of the sensor module, the FPCB, the power supply module, and the user interface.…”

Stable Chitosan and Prussian Blue-Coated Laser-Induced Graphene Skin Sensor for the Electrochemical Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide in Sweat

“…2A. 42,47 The D band, representative of the disordered graphitic structure, originates from the stretching vibration of sp 3 hybridized carbon atoms at the edge or basal planes of graphene sheets. 48,49 The high I D /I G ratio in the pristine LIG of 0.79 ± 0.05 is indicative of a large concentration of defects, corroborated by the highly porous and weblike morphology observed by SEM (Figure S5A).…”

“…The current revolution of healthcare toward mobile health (m-health) has led to the development of cutting-edge wearable sensors that can provide the patient with insights into their health instantaneously, in their own home or care facility. − The available biofluids for sensing can be categorized as invasive, minimally invasive, and noninvasive corresponding to blood, interstitial fluid (ISF), and sweat, tear, or saliva, respectively. ISF wearable sensors have been successfully developed and commercialized, with sweat appearing to be the next frontier .…”

Recent advances on portable photoelectrochemical biosensors for diagnostics

“…Health continues to be a hot topic for global research due to the high mortality rates of chronic and infectious diseases [42,43]. Sensitive, simple, and rapid diagnostic methods play a decisive role in the treatment of chronic diseases [44][45][46].…”