Artificial or Biological? Nature, Fertilizer, and the German Origins of Organic Agriculture

Treitel, Corinna

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-12185-7_10

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The results from the analyses across the past century furthermore pinpoint the timing of initial 20th century change in the Baltic Sea, which substantially predates regular biomonitoring programs. This shift occurred around the Second World War era or slightly earlier, possibly aligning with the introduction of artificial fertilizers in the early 20th century (Treitel et al 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3). In the GOF, Ske/Apo-Index values have remained low since the 1960s, and in both the LD and the GOF, an initial massive drop is recorded in the first half of the century, slightly predating the Second World War, which aligns with the introduction of artificial fertilizers in the early 20th century (Treitel, 2015). Results from the EGB and the LD show shifts around the 1980s when eutrophication was nearing its peak in the Baltic Sea.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Decoding the Baltic Sea's Past and Present: A simple Molecular Index for Ecosystem Assessment

Schmidt,

Roman,

Andren

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Marginal sea ecosystems, such as the Baltic Sea, are severely affected by anthropogenic pressures, such as climate warming, pollution, and eutrophication, which increased in the course of the past century. Biodiversity monitoring data and assessment of environmental status in such systems have typically been carried out only for the past few decades, if at all, and knowledge on pre-impact stability and good ecological status is limited. An extension of monitoring time series can potentially be achieved through analyses of paleoecological records, e.g. for phytoplankton, which form the base of the food web and are highly susceptible to environmental changes. Within the phytoplankton community, dinoflagellates and diatoms play a significant role as primary producers, and their relative dominance in the spring bloom, calculated as Dia/Dino index, is used as an indicator for the environmental status of the Baltic Sea. To extend time series on the dominance patterns and include non-fossilized dinoflagellates, we here establish a simple droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) reaction on ancient DNA from sediment cores that decodes phytoplankton dynamics. We focus on two common spring bloom species, the diatom Skeletonema marinoi and the dinoflagellate Apocalathium malmogiense, for which we evaluate a DNA based dominance index. It performs very well in comparison to DNA metabarcoding and modern monitoring and can elucidate past species dominance across the past century in three basins of the Baltic and across millennia in two of these basins. For the past century, we see a dominance shift already starting before the mid-20th century in two of the Baltic Sea basins, thus substantially predating current monitoring programs. Shifts are only partly coeval among the cores and the index shows different degrees of stability. This pattern is confirmed across millennia, where a long-term stable relationship between the diatom and the dinoflagellate is observed in the Eastern Gotland Basin, while data from the Gulf of Finland bear testimony to a much more unstable relationship. This confirms that good ecological status based on the dominance pattern of diatoms and dinoflagellates must be established locally and exemplifies how sediment core DNA can be employed to extend monitoring data.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decoding the Baltic Sea's Past and Present: A simple Molecular Index for Ecosystem Assessment

Schmidt,

Roman,

Andren

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Humans Are Only Plants in Nature’s Garden: Remaking German Agriculture, 1870–1939

Treitel

2017

Eating Nature in Modern Germany

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African Studies Keyword: Organic

Rahier,

Devos

2024

Afr. Stud. Rev.

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The concept of the organic serves as a keyword capturing emerging practices and epistemologies through which Africans navigate increasingly toxic lifeworlds. Noting a growing preoccupation with this term, the authors unpack its meaning based on their ethnographic fieldwork concerning two East African idioms: kienyeji and kiasili. What it means to be(come) organic is tied to older notions such as life flow, tradition, and the natural. Tracing how this concept engages with central themes in Africanist debates, the authors demonstrate that an Africanist theorizing about it foregrounds critical claims about the vitality of bodies and the viability of environments.

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Artificial or Biological? Nature, Fertilizer, and the German Origins of Organic Agriculture

Cited by 3 publications

References 15 publications

Decoding the Baltic Sea's Past and Present: A simple Molecular Index for Ecosystem Assessment

Decoding the Baltic Sea's Past and Present: A simple Molecular Index for Ecosystem Assessment

Humans Are Only Plants in Nature’s Garden: Remaking German Agriculture, 1870–1939

African Studies Keyword: Organic

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