Artificial reef design: void space, complexity, and attractants

Sherman, Robin L.; Gilliam, David S.; Spieler, Richard E.

doi:10.1006/jmsc.2001.1163

Cited by 128 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In places where the movement of sand, rubble and fragments of dead coral branches injure corals and interfere with a natural process of recruitment, engineered stabilization of the seabed, creation of habitat and regulation of currents with artificial reefs, natural rocks and artificial aquaculture structures have been attempted (Clark & Edwards 1999;Fox & Pet 2001;Omori et al 2006). Competing ideas among scientists and engineers vary widely, from creating coral habitat with large concrete 'reef balls' (Sherman et al 2002) or wave-dissipating blocks with unevenly processed surfaces ('Eco-Block', Maekouchi et al 2010), to the use of weak electric current on substrata. Settlement of corals has been enhanced on the 'Eco-Blocks' installed at Naha Port, Okinawa (see also Fenchel & Uiblein 2011).…”

Section: Rehabilitation Of Coral Reefs By Artificial Effortsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation and restoration of coral reefs: Experience in Okinawa, Japan

Ōmori

2010

Marine Biology Research

101

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Coral reefs in Okinawa, Japan, have declined due mostly to human pressures. There are still possiblities to restore coral reefs locally by amelioration or removal of the local chronic stressors. Political support, scientific information, and the will of local stakeholders are crucial for successful amelioration. Development of techniques for restoration by artificial efforts such as underwater silviculture and transplantation are definitely required. Coral propagules for transplantation may be cultured by either of two approaches: asexual or sexual propagation. The rehabilitation of coral reefs by means of asexual propagation is simple and less labour-intensive compared to sexual techniques. However, most of the transplanted pieces share the donors' limited DNA, giving the reef a smaller gene pool. On the other hand, sexual propagation may result in genetically more diverse corals, but is labour-intensive and more expensive. Both techniques require devices for rearing after transplantation. This will become one of the key areas of research in the near future. Some 4-year-old colonies of Acropora tenuis, cultured from eggs and transplanted to the seabed at Akajima, Okinawa, had grown to 20Á25 cm in diameter and initially spawned in June 2009. This indicated the possibility of using this technique to assist local coral reef restoration. Although the small scale of success so far may not be significant, given the wide range of degradation of coral reefs, certain methods of rehabilitation have proved promising enough to continue our endeavour.

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Section: Rehabilitation Of Coral Reefs By Artificial Effortsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation and restoration of coral reefs: Experience in Okinawa, Japan

Ōmori

2010

Marine Biology Research

101

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“…Also, CHARBONNEL et al (2002), SHERMAN et al (2002) and KAWASAKI et al (2003) related higher fish density and richness to habitats with higher structural complexity in artificial reef environments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Comparative evaluation of fish assemblages census on an artificial reef

2007

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One of the main issues regarding artificial reef fish evaluation is the performance of an efficient visual census sampling. An experimental artificial reef made of four different types of concrete modules was implanted on the north coast of Rio de Janeiro (21º29'S, 41º00W). Two interval-sampling periods using a visual census method were performed in the summer of 2003 (N = 6) and 2004 (N = 6), weekly and daily, respectively. The longer interval-sampling period showed twice of species with eight exclusive ones. Total fish abundance was higher during the shorter interval-sampling period, due to the presence of large shoals of Chloroscombrus chrysurus (Linnaeus, 1766) and Haemulon aurolineatum (Cuvier, 1829) especially at the complex modules. Fish abundance according to vertical position and feeding habits in the two interval sampling-periods showed a clear association to the structural complex modules, reinforcing the shelter influence on local fish assemblage structure and composition. The second survey showed quite different diversity and taxonomic results and highlighted the impossibility of obtaining several independent samples in a short period.of time.

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“…MiLS may also support efforts in aquatic habitat restoration and conservation, particularly with respect to use of artificial substrata. It is important for the effective use of artificial substratum that we understand how small-scale roughness may enhance ecosystem development (Spieler et al 2001;Sherman et al 2002). Potential MiLS studies to guide the optimal design of artificial substratum include comparative studies referencing natural habitat roughness; temporal monitoring of roughness to inform on biostructure recruitment and growth; and investigating interactions of fauna from the subsequent video imagery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new video survey method of microtopographic laser scanning (MiLS) to measure small‐scale seafloor bottom roughness

Preez

Tunnicliffe

2012

Limnology & Ocean Methods

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A novel video survey method measures small-scale seafloor bottom roughness in fragile and deep-sea habitats called microtopographic laser scanning (MiLS). Using a controlled submersible platform, an attached downward-facing video camera with a single optical laser can return imagery to detail the bottom profile at a resolution of ~1-2 cm. The method compares the position of the underlying substratum and laser dot between successive video frames to determine distance traveled in the forward direction and substratum height. The video imagery is processed using photogrammetry to calculate small-scale topography (horizontal and vertical axes). MiLS is adaptable for most aquatic habitats as it can be executed using any platform that can move forward with a constant slope over the desired transect. Traditional techniques of measuring small-scale roughness are largely restricted to easily accessible habitats and often yield measurements that are relative and not comparable among different habitats and studies. Quantifying roughness in ways that permit comparisons is critical to understanding effects of bottom roughness and would benefit many fields of aquatic science. With its versatility, ability to access remote locations and output of quantified measurements, MiLS has the potential to fill this need. It is also likely this method will be useful in subaerial habitats such as wetlands. Here, we describe the MiLS equipment, theory, and method in detail, and then demonstrate its application in a lab trial and in a field study in a deep-sea (≤450 m depth) sponge and coral habitat where its high resolution, accuracy, and precision is made evident.

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Artificial reef design: void space, complexity, and attractants

Cited by 128 publications

References 5 publications

Degradation and restoration of coral reefs: Experience in Okinawa, Japan

Degradation and restoration of coral reefs: Experience in Okinawa, Japan

Comparative evaluation of fish assemblages census on an artificial reef

A new video survey method of microtopographic laser scanning (MiLS) to measure small‐scale seafloor bottom roughness

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