Artificial Sweetener Use Among Children: Epidemiology, Recommendations, Metabolic Outcomes, and Future Directions

Sylvetsky, Allison C.; Rother, Kristina I.; Brown, Rebecca

doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2011.09.007

Cited by 73 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Based on these data, it was concluded that the sweetener was responsible for this increase in weight gain and food intake did not. These data corroborate the studies by Sylvetsky et al (2011), who demonstrated a positive association between the consumption of artificial sweeteners and weight gain in children.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Influence of sweeteners in the biodistribution of radiopharmaceutical and laboratory tests in rats

Queiroz¹,

Barbosa²,

Holanda³

et al. 2016

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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This study aimed to evaluate the effect of supplementation of sucralose and fructose on the metabolism of adolescent rats. Eighteen male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: control group (GC), fructose group (GF) treated with 50 mg/kg of fructose, and sucralose group (GS) receiving 50 mg/kg of sucralose for 24 days. The weight and feed intake were measured weekly. At the end of the experiment, some biochemical parameters, histopathology of the liver and biodistribution of the radiotracer 99m Tc-sodium phytate in liver and blood were analyzed. The GF showed higher body weight only in the first week compared with GS and GC (p<0.05). Histopathology and % ATI/g radiotracer 99m Tc-sodium phytate in liver and blood were not different between the groups. The GF showed higher values of aspartate aminotransferase activity, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase activity and gamma glutamyl transferase activity, compared with the other groups (GC and GS) (p<0.05). Activity of alanine aminotransferase and albumin level of GF were higher than GS (p<0.05). For other parameters, no statistical difference was observed. It was concluded that the use of fructose during the experiment was able to alter hepatic enzymes, but on the other hands, the use of sucralose caused no change.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Influence of sweeteners in the biodistribution of radiopharmaceutical and laboratory tests in rats

Queiroz¹,

Barbosa²,

Holanda³

et al. 2016

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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“…17 In adults, NNS intake has paradoxically been associated with weight gain, incident obesity, and increased fat mass. 11,18,19 However, long-term studies of prenatal or early-life NNS exposure are rare, 20,21 and a systematic review in 2010 22 was inconclusive regarding metabolic effects of NNSs in children. Moreover, that review 22 did not focus on long-term effects or assess study quality, and several studies have since been published.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Exposure to Nonnutritive Sweeteners and Long-term Metabolic Health: A Systematic Review

Reid¹,

Chauhan

Rabbani

et al. 2016

Pediatrics

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CONTEXT: Nonnutritive sweetener (NNS) consumption is increasing among children, yet its long-term health impact is unclear, particularly when exposure occurs during early life.OBJECTIVE: To synthesize evidence from prospective studies evaluating the association of early-life NNS exposure and long-term metabolic health.DATA SOURCES: Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library (inception to July 2015). STUDY SELECTION:We aimed to include randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating NNSbased interventions and prospective cohort studies reporting NNS exposure among pregnant women, infants, or children (<12 years of age), with a minimum study duration of 6 months. DATA EXTRACTION:The primary outcome was BMI; secondary outcomes included growth velocity, overweight/obesity, adiposity, and adverse metabolic effects. Study quality and risk of bias were evaluated using validated assessment tools. RESULTS:We identified 6 eligible cohort studies and 2 RCTs (n = 15 641 children). Half of the cohorts reported increasing weight gain or fat mass accumulation with increasing NNS intake, and pooled data from 2 cohorts showed a significant correlation with BMI gain (weighted mean correlation 0.023, 95% confidence interval 0.006 to 0.041). RCTs reported contradictory effects on weight change in children receiving NNSs. No eligible studies evaluated prenatal or infant NNS exposure.LIMITATIONS: Meta-analysis was limited because of the small number of eligible studies and heterogeneity of populations and outcomes. CONCLUSIONS:There is limited and inconsistent evidence of the long-term metabolic effects of NNS exposure during gestation, infancy, and childhood. Further research is needed to inform recommendations for the use of NNSs in this sensitive population.

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“…6,7 Hence estimates of artificial sweetener consumption in the study were quantified from items listing 'diet soft drinks (diet soda) and use of pellets in beverages (tea/coffee/milk). Other beverages were not included in the study because of their low frequency of consumption.…”

Section: Dietary Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between intake of artificial sweeteners and body mass index in young non-diabetic adults: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2017

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Background: Artificial sweeteners have skyrocketed the market in the last decade and there are unlimited products available today that contain them. They are often projected as one of the easy and effortless method of cutting down calories and have gained importance in the community. They are being used as one of the dietary tools to control or prevent weight gain not only in diabetic adults but also in young healthy adults and children. There is a need to examine any possible contribution of these substances on body weight and BMI of an individual.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among randomly selected healthy non-diabetic subjects of both sexes in the age group 18-35 years. Those with history of intake of artificial sweeteners in the last one year (in the form of pellets or diet soda) were considered as study group and equal no of non-users were taken as comparison group for study purpose. A pretested semi structured questionnaire prepared in English language was used to collect information. Variables such as height, weight and body mass index were noted. Data was analyzed using SPSS (version 20.0).Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of weight and BMI (p=0.003 and 0.002 respectively). The mean weight and BMI was more in those subjects who had consumed more than one serving of diet can per day. Sweeteners in pellet form failed to show any statistical significance association between frequency of use and BMI.Conclusions: The study suggested of a possible association between the use of artificial sweeteners and BMI. Young adults need to be sensitized about various safe weight management techniques and healthy lifestyle, rather than resorting to methods like intake of artificial sweeteners.

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Artificial Sweetener Use Among Children: Epidemiology, Recommendations, Metabolic Outcomes, and Future Directions

Cited by 73 publications

References 68 publications

Influence of sweeteners in the biodistribution of radiopharmaceutical and laboratory tests in rats

Influence of sweeteners in the biodistribution of radiopharmaceutical and laboratory tests in rats

Early Exposure to Nonnutritive Sweeteners and Long-term Metabolic Health: A Systematic Review

Relationship between intake of artificial sweeteners and body mass index in young non-diabetic adults: a cross-sectional study

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