Artificial Sweeteners as a Cause of Obesity: Weight Gain Mechanisms and Current Evidence

Cabral, Thiago Magalhães; Pereira, Maira Guimarães Barboza; Falchione, Amanda Emiko Zensque; Sá, Diana Aristótelis Rocha de; Corrêa, L. P.; Fernandes, Daniela da Maia; Sá, Larissa Bianca Paiva Cunha de; Arbex, Alberto Krayyem

doi:10.4236/health.2018.105054

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…However, the effects of NNS on health remain controversial (Bayram and Ozturkcan, 2022). According to the literature, the excessive consumption of sweeteners (nutritive and nonnutritive) could lead to weight gain (Pearlman et al , 2017; Cabral et al , 2018), glucose intolerance (Cabral et al , 2018), diabetes (Malik et al , 2010; Imamura et al , 2015; Sanyaolu et al , 2018; Daher et al , 2019; Hirahatake et al , 2019), cardiovascular diseases (Mulligan, 2019) and metabolic syndrome (Pearlman et al , 2017). Our results showed that the estimated intake of sucralose, Ace-K and aspartame was associated with T2DM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consumers’ opinions, use of food labels and knowledge of food additives

Bayram

Öztürkcan

2022

NFS

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Purpose This study aims to determine what consumers take into consideration while buying food and to increase awareness. We also demonstrated food additives knowledge, and the association between food additive consumption and illness. Design/methodology/approach An online survey was used to collect data from respondents (n = 433). Findings Gender and knowledge of food additives and E numbers were found to be statistically different, as were education status and knowledge of food additives (p < 0.05). When purchasing foods, 40.0% of the respondents seldom read labels and also 34.9% were reading for each buy who verified the product’s expiration date (94.2%), followed by brand name (84.8%). Sucralose, Acesulfame potassium (Ace-K) and aspartame consumption were associated with type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Additionally, sulfite consumption was linked to diarrhea/constipation. Research limitations/implications This study has some limitations. First, the study was cross-sectional, which does not allow the establishment of causal relationships for the associations found here. Second, the study was limited to one city in Turkey. Therefore, the study's findings cannot be extrapolated to Turkey. Practical implications Nutrition education should be given by the experts, and the policies should be implemented so that food labels may be used more effectively. Furthermore, nutritional education and policies can increase the general public's awareness of food additives. Social implications Nutrition education should be given by the experts, and the policies should be implemented so that food labels may be used more effectively. Furthermore, nutritional education and policies can increase the general public's awareness of food additives. Originality/value Consumers must be knowledgeable about food additives and E numbers. However, the findings revealed that the majority of Turkish consumers seldom read product labels, and the use of several food additives resulted in negative health repercussions. Therefore, professionals should provide nutrition education, and legislation should be put in place so that food labels may be used more effectively.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consumers’ opinions, use of food labels and knowledge of food additives

Bayram

Öztürkcan

2022

NFS

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“…Despite their being marketed as health substitutes for sugar, the adverse effects associated with the frequent use of LCS are becoming a public health concern (58) . In fact, the available evidence is inconclusive as to whether LCS help to control elevated blood glucose levels (59) and weight gain among adults (20) . Recent evidence has suggested that the regular consumption of foods and beverages containing LCS may be associated with increased BMI and cardiometabolic risk (60) , alterations of the gut microbiota composition (61) , and increased cancer https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114522003002 Published online by Cambridge University Press risk (23) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although older adults and individuals with a higher Body Mass Index (BMI) or diabetes are more likely to consume LCS (15)(16)(17) , a growing body of evidence has shown that LCS can have a contradictory effect on weight loss and glucose control (18,19) . In fact, saccharin and aspartame appear to be associated with increased gut production of bacteria associated with weight gain, and sucralose and saccharin might lead to inflammation and compromise the insulin response to sugar intake (20) . Similarly, beverages sweetened with LCS are not necessarily healthier alternatives to sugary drinks for the prevention of type 2 diabetes (21) or gestational diabetes (22) .…”

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confidence: 99%

Consumption of low-calorie sweeteners: findings from the Campinas Nutrition and Health Survey

et al. 2022

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We used data from the Campinas Health Survey (ISACamp 2014/15) and the Food Consumption and Nutritional Status Survey (ISACamp-Nutri 2015/16) to estimate the prevalence of the consumption of foods and beverages that contain low-calorie sweeteners (LCS) by individuals ≥10 years to estimate the dietary exposure of the population to high levels of LCS. We first estimated the prevalence of consuming LCS-containing foods and beverages and identified the top sources of LCS consumption. We then verified whether the prevalence of consumption varied according to individual-level characteristics or the presence of obesity and diabetes. Finally, we estimated the population dietary exposure to high levels of LCS and compared it with the acceptable daily intake (ADI) levels. Over 40% of the study population consumed at least one food or beverage containing LCS. Sweetened beverages, tabletop sweeteners and dairy beverages were the top contributors to the consumption of LCS. Among all age groups, education levels, and income levels, the consumption of foods and beverages containing LCS ranged from 35% to 55%. The prevalence was only slightly greater among higher income 40-59-year-olds than among other income groups and was not higher among individuals with obesity or diabetes. Although dietary exposure to LCS did not exceed the ADI levels, we identified several limitations in our ability to measure exposure to high levels of LCS. Because of these challenges and the unclear evidence linking LCS to better health outcomes, the consumption of foods and beverages containing LCS should be closely monitored.

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“…Not only do sweeteners increase the taste for sweet, they also intervene in the feeding behavior; for example, rodents exposed to sweeteners present higher feed intake and consequently a greater weight gain [9, 10]. The consumption of saccharin, sucralose and aspartame, causes alterations in the gut microbiota in rodent models, leading to greater food intake, excessive weight gain, and alterations in blood glucose [11–13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Chronic Consumption of Sweeteners on Microbiota and Immunity in the Small Intestine of Young Mice

Martínez-Carrillo

Rosales-Gómez

Ramírez-Durán

et al. 2019

International Journal of Food Science

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The consumption of sweeteners has increased as a measure to reduce the consumption of calories and thus combat obesity and diabetes. Sweeteners are found in a large number of products, so chronic consumption has been little explored. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of chronic sweetener consumption on the microbiota and immunity of the small intestine in young mice. We used 72 CD1 mice of 21 days old, divided into 3 groups: (i) No treatment, (ii) Group A (6 weeks of treatment), and (iii) Group B (12 weeks of treatment). Groups A and B were divided into 4 subgroups: Control (CL), Sucrose (Suc), Splenda® (Spl), and Svetia® (Sv). The following were determined: anthropometric parameters, percentage of lymphocytes of Peyer’s patches and lamina propria, IL-6, IL-17, leptin, resistin, C-peptide, and TNF-α. From feces, the microbiota of the small intestine was identified. The BMI was not modified; the mice preferred the consumption of Splenda® and Svetia®. The percentage of CD3+ lymphocytes in Peyer’s patches was increased. In the lamina propria, Svetia® increased the percentage of CD3+ lymphocytes, but Splenda® decreases it. The Splenda® and Svetia® subgroups elevate leptin, C-peptide, IL-6, and IL-17, with reduction of resistin. The predominant genus in all groups was Bacillus. The chronic consumption of sweeteners increases the population of lymphocytes in the mucosa of the small intestine. Maybe, Bacillus have the ability to adapt to sweeteners regardless of the origin or nutritional contribution of the same.

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Artificial Sweeteners as a Cause of Obesity: Weight Gain Mechanisms and Current Evidence

Cited by 12 publications

References 33 publications

Consumers’ opinions, use of food labels and knowledge of food additives

Consumers’ opinions, use of food labels and knowledge of food additives

Consumption of low-calorie sweeteners: findings from the Campinas Nutrition and Health Survey

Effect of Chronic Consumption of Sweeteners on Microbiota and Immunity in the Small Intestine of Young Mice

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