Artificial-turf playing fields: Contents of metals, PAHs, PCBs, PCDDs and PCDFs, inhalation exposure to PAHs and related preliminary risk assessment

Menichini, Edoardo; Abate, Vittorio; Attias, Leonello; Luca, Silvia De; Domenico, Alessandro Di; Fochi, Igor; Forte, Giovanni; Iacovella, Nicola; Iamiceli, Anna Laura; Izzo, Paolo; Merli, F.; Bocca, Beatrice

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.07.042

Cited by 77 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…All values were considered as acceptable. Menichini et al [37] found an excess lifetime cancer risk of 1×10 -6 for an athlete with an intense 30-years activity; then despite the different parameters considered for the athlete in this study, the results are very similar.…”

Section: Risk Assessment For Pah Inhalation From Synthetic Fieldssupporting

confidence: 67%

Release of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Heavy Metals from Rubber Crumb in Synthetic Turf Fields: Preliminary Hazard Assessment for Athletes

Marsili

Coppola²,

Bianchi³

et al. 2014

J Environ Anal Toxicol

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Section: Risk Assessment For Pah Inhalation From Synthetic Fieldssupporting

confidence: 67%

Release of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Heavy Metals from Rubber Crumb in Synthetic Turf Fields: Preliminary Hazard Assessment for Athletes

Marsili

Coppola²,

Bianchi³

et al. 2014

J Environ Anal Toxicol

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“…Due to their components, especially styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) from recycled scrap tires and plastics like thermoplastic elastomers (TPE) and ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber (EPDM), there is an increasing concern about potential environmental and health hazards (Li et al, 2010;Menichini et al, 2011). Among the most important contaminants that may be released from synthetic surfaces and sporting grounds are zinc from zinc oxide used as vulcanization catalyst (Bocca et al, 2009;Hofstra, 2009), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) used as softening agents (Wengert, 2007), volatile compounds and additives like benzothiazole (Li et al, 2010), as well as aniline and phenol (Lim and Walker, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New approach to the ecotoxicological risk assessment of artificial outdoor sporting grounds

Krüger

Kalbe

Richter

et al. 2013

Environmental Pollution

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“…The most important pollutants that can be released from synthetic surfaces and surfacing are compounds of zinc of the zinc oxide used as a catalyser in the vulcanisation process [2], using polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) as softeners [9], volatile compounds and such admixtures, as benzothiazole, as well as aniline and phenol [9,10]. Literature presents information from a risk assessment related to the surrounding air over pitches of artificial grass made of recycled rubber, and the risk of cancer was found to be 1*10 6 [11]. However, to date not much information has been gained as to the ecological and toxicological consequences arising from the use of artificial turf [5,6,[9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Artificial Grass Base -General Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The degree of flammability for an artificial grass surface system

Kukfisz

2018

E3S Web Conf.

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Abstract. The paper presents a general overview of sport and floor lining products, such as artificial grass, which are used in residential premises and public utility buildings, as well as the hazards which ensue from the use of synthetic grass [1]. An outline was made of the requirements for the fire safety of civil engineering structures arising from their designation and usage type. The results were presented from studies conducted on four samples of synthetic grass with the main ingredients being polyethylene and polypropylene. An appraisal method was determined for flammable properties and flame spread on a horizontal sample subjected to a heat radiation flux gradient in a research chamber pursuant to PN EN ISO 9239-1 [25] applicable for all types of floors. Based on the estimated value of critical heat radiation flux (KSP) below 3 kW/m 2 and in addition to the flammability of products directly subjected to a flame according to PN EN ISO 11925-2 [27], a study was made of the suitability of selected samples of artificial grass by their categorisation to class Efl -i.e. easily flammable products. The classification of artificial grass selected for the needs of the studies, which has been verified in practice, and designated for use as decoration for gazebos, balconies, terraces and public utility facilities is only admissible in residential premises of type ZL IV.

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Artificial-turf playing fields: Contents of metals, PAHs, PCBs, PCDDs and PCDFs, inhalation exposure to PAHs and related preliminary risk assessment

Cited by 77 publications

References 16 publications

Release of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Heavy Metals from Rubber Crumb in Synthetic Turf Fields: Preliminary Hazard Assessment for Athletes

Release of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Heavy Metals from Rubber Crumb in Synthetic Turf Fields: Preliminary Hazard Assessment for Athletes

New approach to the ecotoxicological risk assessment of artificial outdoor sporting grounds

The degree of flammability for an artificial grass surface system

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