Artificially triggered lightning above land

Fieux, R.; Gary, C.; Hubert, P.

doi:10.1038/257212a0

Cited by 61 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…During history, several techniques have been developed for lightning protection, such as Benjamin Franklin's famous lightning rod or the rocket triggering device. 1 The laser lightning rod would be a valuable alternative to lightning rockets. This concept relies on the generation by powerful lasers of a long plasma column acting like an extension of the classical rod toward thunder clouds and would be able to significantly empty electrically charged clouds preventing lightning stroke to hit sensitive building or facilities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triggering, guiding and deviation of long air spark discharges with femtosecond laser filament

Forestier

Houard

Revel³

et al. 2012

AIP Advances

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In the perspective of the laser lightning rod, the ability of femtosecond filaments to trigger and to guide large scale discharges has been studied for several years. The present paper reports recent experimental results showing for the first time that filaments are able not only to trigger and guide but also to divert an electric discharge from its normal path. Laser filaments are also able to divert the spark without contact between laser and electrodes at large distance from the laser. A comparison between negative and positive discharge polarities also reveals important discrepancies in the guiding mechanism

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triggering, guiding and deviation of long air spark discharges with femtosecond laser filament

Forestier

Houard

Revel³

et al. 2012

AIP Advances

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“…The ICLRT is located approximately midway between Gainesville, home of the University of Florida, and Jacksonville. At the ICLRT, lightning is triggered (artificially initiated) from natural overhead thunderclouds using the rocket-and-wire technique [e.g., Newman, 1958;Fieux et al, 1975;Uman et al, 1997;Rakov, 1999;Rakov and Uman, 2003]. Triggered lightning is typically composed of an initial stage involving an upward-propagating positive leader initiating a relatively steady current of the order of 100 A with a duration of hundreds of milliseconds, followed by one or more dart leader-return stroke sequences which are very similar to the strokes following the first stroke in natural downward lightning [e.g., Fisher et al, 1993].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Return stroke peak current versus charge transfer in rocket‐triggered lightning

Schoene¹,

Uman²,

Rakov³

2010

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] We examined data on 117 return strokes in 31 rocket-and-wire-triggered lightning flashes acquired during experiments conducted from 1999 through 2004 at the International Center for Lightning Research and Testing at Camp Blanding, Florida, in order to compare the peak currents of the lightning return strokes with the corresponding charges transferred during various time intervals within 1 ms after return stroke initiation. We find that the determination coefficient (R 2 ) for lightning return stroke peak current versus the corresponding charge transfer decreases with increasing the duration of the charge transfer starting from return stroke onset. For example, R 2 = 0.91 for a charge transfer duration of 50 ms after return stroke onset, R 2 = 0.83 for a charge transfer duration of 400 ms, and R 2 = 0.77 for a charge transfer duration of 1 ms. Our results support the view that (1) the charge deposited on the lower portion of the leader channel determines the current peak and that (2) the charge transferred at later times is increasingly unrelated to both the current peak and the charge deposited on the lower channel section. Additionally, we find that the relation between triggered-lightning peak current and charge transfer to 50 ms in Florida is essentially the same as that for subsequent strokes in natural lightning in Switzerland, further confirming the view that triggered-lightning strokes are very similar to subsequent strokes in natural lightning.Citation: Schoene, J., M. A. Uman, and V. A. Rakov (2010), Return stroke peak current versus charge transfer in rockettriggered lightning,

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“…Rocket-triggered lightning discharge (RTLD) was successfully conducted in 1967 [100]. Similarly, RTLD experiments were reported in France [101][102], USA [103], Indonesia [104] and China [105]. Japanese have spent a long time on laser-triggered lightning [106].…”

Section: Lightning Protection and Controlmentioning

confidence: 95%

Lightning Interactions with Humans and Lifelines

Kalair

Abas²,

Khan³

2013

JLR

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Lightning is one of the fascinating phenomena exhibiting tremendous natural power. It is source of awe, curiosity, enticement, inspiration as well as fear. On average, 50 lightning strikes occur on earth in one second. Fortunately not all of them kill people, albeit 10% people fall prey to lightning annually, out of which hardly 20 to 25% die. Lightning injures victims by heat, shockwave, intense brightness, radio waves, and secondary slip or fall mechanisms. Lightning injury is different from the normal electric shock as it involves transient flashover unlike the electrical contact freeze, wherein alternating (AC) and direct currents (DC) pass through the conductive interior body. Vacuity in knowledge is the driving force behind discoveries and inventions. Lightning experts had hardly developed any concurrence on lightning physics, and the observation of dark lightning complicated the Gordian knot. Lightning preventive, alerting and control devices help reduce fatality rates by the bolts out of blue skies. Lightning was considered to be the second cause of death making natural disasters after flashfloods but preventive measures have slithered it down to the third place in developed countries. Lightning prevention rule recommends 'when the thunder roars, go indoors'. This work describes lightning characteristics, damage thresholds to humans, machines, energy infrastructures, airplanes, wind turbines, light railway tractions, underground cables and pipelines. Power and energy lifelines such as transmission lines, oil tankers and gas or petroleum pipelines are susceptible to lightning strikes. Artificial rocket and laser triggered lightning protection and control techniques help to divert the lightning attacks. Interaction of lightning with power and energy infrastructures disrupts these lifelines. However, lightning itself is viewed as an extraterrestrial energy source. Lightning energy harvesting is an interesting application which has been investigated quantitatively.

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Artificially triggered lightning above land

Cited by 61 publications

References 5 publications

Triggering, guiding and deviation of long air spark discharges with femtosecond laser filament

Triggering, guiding and deviation of long air spark discharges with femtosecond laser filament

Return stroke peak current versus charge transfer in rocket‐triggered lightning

Lightning Interactions with Humans and Lifelines

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